减轻砷中毒危害的调查研究--中国与UNICEF合作项目技术报告(2003-2004)

目的查清我国高砷水地区分布,开展影响我国地方性砷中毒(地砷病)防治工作的重点突出问题研究。方法采用现场流行病学调查方法进行环境砷筛查和砷中毒病情调查,通过专家组现场考察方法进行疑似地砷病病区判定,用招投标方法进行高砷暴露对妇女和儿童危害的研究,以培训、集会和入户访谈方法进行健康教育。结果在12个省的190个县调查了345 942处饮用水水源含砷量,新查出超标井20 591口;调查了33 546名18岁以上成人,查出地砷病患者3 761人;陕西省秦巴山区是我国第二个燃煤污染型砷病病区,四川省、安徽省存大饮水高砷区;初步观察到高砷环境对儿童智商、新生儿畸形率和孕妇产生影响;发放了32．7 万份健康教育宣传品;进行了燃煤污染型地砷病防治试点。结论国际合作项目对减轻我国砷中毒危害起到了积极作用。

Mitigation of arsenicosis: the technical report on the project of China cooperation with UNICEF (2003-2004)

Objective To ascertain the distribution of high arsenic water and to study the key problem of arsenicosis control in China. Methods Arsenic-rich water wells were screened out, and arsenicosis prevalence was investigated with field epidemiological method; Judgment of arsenicosis areas was made by experts who had supervised and checked on sites; the effects of high arsenic on children and women were investigated by application and comparison; Health education was held through ways of training, meeting and door-to-door interview. Results Arsenic content in 345 942 wells was tested in 190 counties in 12 provinces, and 20 591 wells over 0.05 mg/L. In 33 546 adults (over 18 years) checked, 3 761 were found with arsenicosis. There were coal-burning arsenicosis areas in Shaanxi province, and drinking water with high arsenic in Sichuan and Anhui provinces. The effects of high arsenic on pregnant woman and child intelligence, deformity rate of newborns were roughly found. 327 thousand copies of health education materials were delivered to the target populations. Demonstration of how to operate the improved stoves was done in the coal-burning arsenicosis areas. Conclusions The international cooperative program bears great benefit in mitigating arsenicosis in our country.