中国少数民族避孕现用率、效果及影响因素

本文应用国家计划生育委员会１９８８年组织的全国２‰生育节育抽样调查资料，分析中国少数民族避孕现用率、避孕效果及其影响因素。１９８８年全国少数民族避孕现用率为５９．４１％，低于汉族避孕现用率７３．１８％，在十五个主要少数民族中满族现用率最高，为７３．４５％，高于汉族现用率；维吾尔族的现用率最低，仅为１７．６％。少数民族中各种方法的现用率，宫内节育器为最高，在使用者中占４９％；而汉族以绝育为最高，在使用者中占４８．３８％。居住在城市的少数民族避孕现用率高于农村中的避孕现用率。年龄３０～４４岁已婚育龄少数民族妇女中，约有８５％避孕，其中３５～３９岁妇女的避孕现用率最高，为９１．８９％。文化程度高者避孕现用率高，文化程度低者避孕现用率较低。无论宫内节育器、绝育、口服避孕药或避孕套，意外妊娠、副反应和宫内节育器的脱落，为少数民族终止某种避孕方法的主要原因，其中意外妊娠占的比例较高。这说明避孕失败仍是终止使用的最重要的原因。经比例风险模型分析，发现宫内节育器失败妊娠受放器时年龄、居住地城市或农村、放器医院、有无副反应、孩子性别和成活孩子数等多种因素的影响。同样，绝育失败妊娠受妇女文化程度、医院手术水平和成活孩子数的影响?

The Contraceptive Prevalence,Effectiveness and Influencing Factors among Married Minority Women in China

Data of“China Two-per-Thousand Fertility and Contraception Survey”,a project organized by State Family Planning Commission in 1988,were applied to the analysis of the contraceptive prevalence,contraceptive effectiveness and its influencing factors among minorities of China.The current contraceptive prevalence rate among married minorities in 1988 was 59. 14%, and lower than that among Han was 73. 18%. In the fifteen main minorities the highest current contraceptive prevalence rate, 73. 45% was in Man,and the lowest in Uygur, 17. 6 %. The prevalence of intrauterine device (IUD) was the highest among. minority married women,and it accounted for 49% among the contraceptive users of minority; but sterilization was the highest among Han married persons,and it made up 48. 38% of contraceptive users of Han. The coptraceptive prevalence among urban married couples of minority was higher than that among rural ones.About 85% of contraceptive users in married minority women was 30～44 years of age; among which the highest prevalence rate was in 35～39 years of age,and it was 91. 89%. The current contraceptive prevalance rate was higher in the users with high education level than that in those with low education level. The cumulative discontinuation rate of contraceptive use Was 13. 85% at the end of 24 months,and the unwanted cumulative pregnant rate was 9. 47%. The major reason of unwaflted pregnancy was discontinuation of contraceptive use. At the end of 24 months,the cumulative unwanted pregnant rate was 30. 80% for condom, 15. 43% for oral pills, 9. 40% for IUD, 9. 47 % for spermicides and other national methods,and 1. 17% for sterilization. By the analysis using proportional hazard model,the risk of unwanted pregnancy of IUD was associated with age at the insertion,residental region in urban or rural area,operation quality of hospital,side-effects,sex of children and number of alive children, Similarly,pregnant risk (failure) of sterilizatin was related to the education level,operation quality of hospitals and number of alive children. The risk of pregnancy of oral pills was probably influenced by women's age,residental region in urban or rural areas and side-effects. The study revealed that the fertility intention of minority women,family planning service and side-effects of contraceptives were closely associated with the contraceptive effectiveness.