A high-affinity, dimeric inhibitor of PSD-95 bivalently interacts with PDZ1-2 and protects against ischemic brain damage |
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Authors: | Bach Anders Clausen Bettina H Møller Magda Vestergaard Bente Chi Celestine N Round Adam Sørensen Pernille L Nissen Klaus B Kastrup Jette S Gajhede Michael Jemth Per Kristensen Anders S Lundström Patrik Lambertsen Kate L Strømgaard Kristian |
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Affiliation: | Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. anba@farma.ku.dk |
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Abstract: | Inhibition of the ternary protein complex of the synaptic scaffolding protein postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD-95), neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), and the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor is a potential strategy for treating ischemic brain damage, but high-affinity inhibitors are lacking. Here we report the design and synthesis of a novel dimeric inhibitor, Tat-NPEG4(IETDV)(2) (Tat-N-dimer), which binds the tandem PDZ1-2 domain of PSD-95 with an unprecedented high affinity of 4.6 nM, and displays extensive protease-resistance as evaluated in vitro by stability-measurements in human blood plasma. X-ray crystallography, NMR, and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) deduced a true bivalent interaction between dimeric inhibitor and PDZ1-2, and also provided a dynamic model of the conformational changes of PDZ1-2 induced by the dimeric inhibitor. A single intravenous injection of Tat-N-dimer (3 nmol/g) to mice subjected to focal cerebral ischemia reduces infarct volume with 40% and restores motor functions. Thus, Tat-N-dimer is a highly efficacious neuroprotective agent with therapeutic potential in stroke. |
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Keywords: | drug discovery ischemic stroke protein-protein interactions |
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