吉林省鼠疫自然疫源地现状的研究

目的掌握疫源地空间结构，适宜黄鼠生存的环境及面积，黄鼠种群数量和分布；了解啮齿动物及蚤类种群变化趋势；规划和确定鼠疫监测重点地区，调整相关监测指标；建立吉林省鼠疫信息数据库及图层集，为科学防治和监测提供依据。方法利用地理信息系统（Geographical Information System，GIS）和全球卫星定位系统（Global Positioning System，GPS）技术，以鼠疫主要贮存宿主为对象，开展疫源地现状调查。结果全省疫源面积为5644000hm^2，其中黄鼠高密度分布区占6．96％，中密度分布区占19．57％；低密度分布区占30．12％；极低密度分布区占18．77％；无鼠区占24．57％。全省黄鼠聚集面积为793286hm^2，聚集范围612449～1003149hm^2，占疫源地面积的14.06％。预测黄鼠数量为1139930只，波动范围为793072～1488518只。啮齿动物种类较60年代减少了2科3属9种；蚤种类减少了2科12属28种。结论由于黄鼠适宜生存环境发生变化，因而导致黄鼠聚集面积减少，黄鼠数量明显降低。以通榆-双辽风沙草原、镇赉县北大岗真草草原、乾安黄土台地区、扶余县局部地区，以及其他景观区域的黄鼠高密度和中密度分布区为吉林省鼠疫重点监测地区；全省每年下达灭黄鼠指标以28万～40万只为宜。

Study on present conditions of JiLin province plague nature focus

Objective To master space structures of focus, suitable environments for existence and areas and variety quantities and distributive of Spemophilus daurieus. To understand changeful variety tendency of rodents and fleas. To programme and determine major region to regulate proper surveillance indexes. To set up JiLin province plague information data and picture storehouses to provide scientific basis for control and surveillance. Methods Carrying out situation investigations of focus using GIS and GPS and with the object of stored hosts of plague. Results Focus areas are 5 644 000 hm^2 in JinLin province and in it higher density distributive area of Spemophilus dauricus occupy 6.96% , distributive areas of middle density occupy 19.57%. Lower density areas occupy 30.12% the lowest density areas occupy 18.77% ,no mice occupy 24.57% . Gathering areas of Spemophilus dauricus are 793 286 hm^2 in JiLin province and gathering limits are 612 449 to 1 003 149 hm^2 and they occupy 14.06% of focus areas. Catulating quantities of Spemophilus dauricus are 1 139 930 singles and changeful limits are 793 072 to 1 488 518 singles. Varieties of rodents have reduced by two families , three genus and nine species. Varieties of have reduced by two families , twelve genus and twenty - eight species. Conclutions Because suitable environments for existence of Spemopbilus dauricus have changed , it has led to reduce of gathering areas of Spemophilus dauricus and quantities of Spemophilus dauricus have evidently reduced by. Major surveillance regions exist in windy and sandy grasslands of TongYu - ShuangLiao, BeiDagang grasslands of ZhenLai county jHuangTutai regions of QianAn,local regions of FuYu county and high and middle density distributive areas of other landscope divisions. The most suitable indexes are 300 - 400 thousand every year.