我国嗜人按蚊偏嗜牛血的研究

目的　了解我国不同地区嗜人按蚊的吸血习性。方法　以人、畜帐诱捕法 ,调查广东省珠海市横琴岛 (北纬 2 2°0 5′)和辽宁省沈阳市法库县 (北纬 4 2°30′)嗜人按蚊趋吸人、牛血习性 ;以平均每人 (或每头牛 )每夜诱获蚊数计算叮咬率 ,根据平均人、牛叮咬率和当地实际人、畜宿主数加权法估算嗜人按蚊人血指数 ;应用牛帐诱捕法观察嗜人按蚊夜间吸血活动节律。结果　嗜人按蚊是珠海市横琴岛和沈阳市法库县的优势蚊种 ,分别占全部捕获按蚊数的 81.78%和 99.96 %。珠海市横琴岛嗜人按蚊趋吸人、牛血率分别为 2 6 .4 5 %和 73.5 5 % ,其中深井观察点估算嗜人按蚊人血指数为 0 .6 17,三叠泉渡假区观察点无家畜 ,嗜人按蚊的人血指数为 1.0。沈阳市法库县嗜人按蚊趋吸人、牛血率分别为 0 .86 %和 99.14 % ,估算人血指数为0 .0 5 6。两地嗜人按蚊均于傍晚为吸血活动高峰 ,珠海市横琴岛 19.0 0 - 2 0 .0 0时占全部诱获蚊的 4 1.75 % ,2 3.0 0 - 2 4 .0 0时占 6 .5 3% ;沈阳市法库县 2 0 .0 0 - 2 1.0 0时占全部诱获蚊的 4 9.2 5 % ,2 3.0 0～ 2 4 .0 0时仅占 4 .92 %。结论　珠海市横琴岛和沈阳市法库县嗜人按蚊偏嗜牛血 ,吸血活动高峰出现于傍晚 ,明显不同于我国北纬 2 5°～ 33°地区文献报导的嗜人按蚊 ,后者偏

Blood preference of Anopheles anthropophagus in cattle as studied in China

To study the blood preference of Anopheles anthropophagus in various area of China, by using the net-bait for man and cattle on A. anthropophagus in the Hengqing island of Zhuhai city, Guangdong province (north latitude 22°05') and Faku county of Shenyang city(north latitude 42°30'), the blood preference of A.anthropophagus was investigated.The bite rates on man or cattle were surveyed from 19.00～(24.00) pm, and the index of human blood was estimated from the number of people in the local area as well as the average bite rate. The activity of sucking by mosquitoes was surveyed by the net-bait for cattle from 19.00～(24.00) pm. It was found that A.anthropophagus was the dominant species of mosquitoes in Hengqing island of Zhuhai city and Faku county of Shenyang city, accounting for 81.78% and 99.96% respectively. In Zhuhai island, the rate of the sucked human blood was (26.45)%, while that in Faku county 0.86%. The indices of human blood were 0.617 in Shenjing village and 1.00 in Sandiequan holiday region where no domestic animals was found, but that was 0.056 in Faku county. The peak of the blood sucking took place in the fall night, accounting for 41.75% at 17.00 to 20.00 pm in Hengqing island and for 49.25% at 20.00 to 21.00 pm in Faku county. However, they were 6.53% in Hengqing island and 4.92% in Faku county at 23.00 to 24.00 pm. It is concluded that the blood preference of A.anthropophagus in cattle and the peak of blood sucking were found at night fall in case of Hengqing island of Zhuhai city and Faku county of Shenyang city. This was obviously differed from the places from north latitude 25°～33°where the preference of human blood and the peak of blood sucking took place at midnight.