社区中青年高血压病人自我管理和自我效能的相关性研究

目的]对社区中青年高血压病人的自我管理和自我效能进行调查，探讨两者之间的关系，以提高社区中青年高血压病人的自我管理能力。方法]采用自我构建的自我管理调查表和Kate等创建的自我效能量表，运用便利抽样的方法对成都市2家社区服务中心就诊的171例中青年高血压病人的自我管理能力和自我效能进行调查。结果]被调查的171例社区中青年高血压病人自我管理总得分为60．89分±9．74分。自我管理各维度得分率最高者为饮食管理（98．41％），其次为活动管理（93．00％）、社会心理管理（66．08％），最低者为治疗管理（60．75％）。自我效能得分为43．48分±10．04分，自我效能水平较高者99例（57．89％），中等水平者39例（22．81％），自我效能水平较低者33例（19．30％）。自我效能与其自我管理及其各维度得分均呈正相关（P〈0．05）。结论]社区中青年高血压病人自我效能和自我管理总体较好，仍有待改善，自我效能和自我管理行为关系密切。应充分利用自我效能增强理论的多种方式给予积极的健康干预，提高病人的自我效能，促进其自我健康管理行为。

Study on correlation between self- management and self- efficacy of young and middle- aged hypertension patients in community

Objective：To survey the self - management and self - efficacy of young and middle- aged patients with hypertension in community, andto probe into the relationship between the two, so as to promote the abili- ty of self - management of young and middle - aged patients with hyper-tension in community. Methods： A convenient sample of 171 young and middle - aged patients with hypertension in community was taken. The data was collected by using the self - made self - management scale and the self-efficacy questionnaire by Dr · Kate Lorig in Stanford University.Results. The total score of self - management of young and middle - aged patients with hypertension in community was 60.89±9.74. The scoring rate of dietary management in self- management was the highest（98. 41%）. secondly, the rate of active management and psychosocial management was respectively 93. 00% and 66. 08%. The scoring rate of treatment management was the lowest （60.75%）. The average score of self-effica- cy was 43.48±10.04.99 patients had higher level of self - efficacy. 39 patients had moderate level of self - management. 33 patients had lower level of self - management. There was a statistically significant relation- ship between the score of self- efficacy and self- management of young and middle - aged patients with hypertension （all P〈0.05）. Conclusion. Young and middle - aged patients with hypertension in community have higher level of self - efficacy and self - management, but still need to be improved. Self- efficacy is closely related to self- management behav- iors. We should make full use of self - efficacy theory to give positive health intervention to improve the patients~ self- efficacy, then to pro- mote their self- management behaviors.