脱碘酶基因多态性与疾病关系的研究进展

微量元素硒（Se）是一种人体必需的微量元素，在人体组织中主要是以硒半胱氨酸（Se-Cys）和硒蛋氨酸（Se—Met）的形式存在，构成了硒蛋白或含硒酶，是许多具有重要生物功能的硒酶的活性中心，与机体的免疫应答及抗氧化作用等生理功能密切相关。哺乳动物体内硒蛋白主要有谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、脱碘酶家族（脱碘酶1、脱碘酶2和脱碘酶3）、SEPP、硒蛋白W、硒蛋白N和硫氧还蛋白等。脱碘酶是甲状腺激素代谢中最重要的转化酶，对维持机体甲状腺激素水平起着决定作用，很多的研究结果还表明，脱碘酶的基因多态性与许多疾病的发生有关，可能是相关疾病的易感基因。本文就脱碘酶基因多态性与疾病的关系研究做一综述，以期为相关疾病治疗与预防提供新的思路。

Progress of the study on gene polymorphism of deiodinase and relevant diseases

Selenium ,as an important component of Selenoprotein or selenoenzyme in the form of Se-Cys or Se-Met, is an essential trace element in human. It＇s active centre of many biological functional selenoenzymes, and is intimately associated with some organism physiologic functions such as immunologic response and antioxidation. The main selenoprotein in mammals are glutathion peroxidase, deiodinase family（D1.D2 and D3）, selenoprotein P, selenoprotein W, selenoprotein N and thioredoxin et al. deiodinasea are the most important enzyme in thyroid hormone metabolism, playing an important role in maintaining circulation level of thyroid hormone. Lots of researches showed that, many disease＇s onset are associated with polymorphism of deiodinases which may be the predisposing genes. This review is about relationship between polymorphism of deiodinases and many diseases with the objective to provide new ideas for prevention and cure for relevant discases.