180例皮炎湿疹类患者斑贴试验结果分析

目的探讨溧水地区常见变应原种类,以更好地预防和治疗过敏性皮肤病。方法应用"瑞敏"牌斑贴试剂盒对180例(面部皮炎106例,手部湿疹47例,外阴湿疹27例)过敏性皮肤病患者进行皮肤斑贴试验,并以36例健康者为对照。结果过敏组斑贴试验阳性率74.44%,高于对照组(2.78%)(χ2=66.58,P0.01),3组病例间差别无统计学意义。常见过敏原依次为硫酸镍(23.89%)、卡巴混合物(20.00%)、芳香混合物(19.44%)、重铬酸钾(17.22%)、对苯二胺基质(13.89%);3组病例中均有超过半数的病例存在2种及以上的阳性变应原;男女性患者斑贴试验阳性率差异有统计学意义的变应原,分别为卡巴混合物(33.33%,13.82%)、芳香混合物(12.28%,22.76%)。结论硫酸镍、卡巴混合物、芳香混合物、重铬酸钾、对苯二胺基质是引起溧水地区皮炎湿疹类患者的主要变应原。

Analysis on skin patch test results for 180 patients with dermatitis or eczema

Objective To study major local allergens in Lishui District for providing better prevention and treatment of allergic skin diseases. Methods Ruimin brand skin patches were applied to 180 patients with allergic skin diseases （106 cases of faeial dermatitis,47 cases of hand eczema and 27 cases of vulva eczema） and 36 healthy controls for skin patch test. Results Positive rate of patient with allergic skin disease was 74.44 %, which was higher than that of control group（2.78 % ）（X^2 = 66.58, P〈0.01） ,no significant difference was observed among 3 groups of patients. Common local allergens were nickel sulfate （23.89% ）, Kaba mixture（20.00 % ）, aromatic mixture（ 19.44 % ）, potassium dichromate （ 17.22% ） and para-diamine benzene matrix（13.89%）. More than half cases from 3 patient groups revealed ≥2 positive allergens. Significant difference was observed in skin patch test results between male and female for allergens such as Kaba mixture （33.33%, 13.82 % ） and aromatic mixture （12.28%, 22.76%）. Conclusion Nickel sulfate,Kaba mixture,aromatic mixture,potassium dichromate and para-diamine benzene matrix are the main allergens for local dermatitis and eczema patients in Lishui District.