The synthetic liver X receptor agonist GW3965 reduces tissue factor production and inflammatory responses in human islets in vitro |
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Authors: | H. Scholz T. Lund M. K. Dahle J. L. Collins O. Korsgren J. E. Wang A. Foss |
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Affiliation: | (1) Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Sognsvannsveien 20, 0027 Oslo, Norway;(2) Division of Surgery, Section of Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway;(3) GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA;(4) Department of Clinical Immunology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden |
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Abstract: | Aims/hypothesis Optimising islet culture conditions may be one strategy for reducing islet loss prior to, and immediately after, islet transplantation. Liver X receptor (LXR) agonism has previously been shown to increase insulin release from pancreatic islets and reduce inflammation in leucocytes. Our aim was to investigate whether the synthetic LXR agonist GW3965 could modulate the inflammatory status of human pancreatic islets. Methods Levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and tissue factor in isolated human islets were determined by TaqMan low density array and/or real-time quantitative RT-PCR (mRNA levels) and enzyme immunoassay (EIA) (protein levels). Islet viability was measured using intracellular ATP content, ADP/ATP ratio, mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity (XTT assay) and insulin secretion in a dynamic glucose-challenge model. Apoptosis was determined by EIA measurement of histone–DNA complexes present in cytoplasm and by assaying caspase-3/-7 activity. Results Treatment of LPS-stimulated human islets with the synthetic LXR agonist GW3965 (1 μmol/l) for 24 h reduced mRNA and protein levels of selected pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-8, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and tissue factor). Moreover, GW3965 had no adverse effect on insulin secretion, islet viability or apoptosis. No excess of lipid accumulation could be detected with the dosage and exposure time used. Conclusions/interpretation LXR activation suppresses inflammation in human islets in vitro without adverse effects on islet viability. Short-term moderate activation of LXR prior to islet transplantation may represent a possible strategy for improving post-transplant islet survival. |
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Keywords: | Chemokines Cytokines GW3965 Human islets Inflammatory mediators Liver X receptor Tissue factor |
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