炭疽芽孢杆菌致病机制与疫苗研制策略研究进展

炭疽杆菌致病过程包括芽孢发芽、菌体繁殖和毒素分泌等多个环节。荚膜和毒素是公认的致病因子。毒素B亚单位（PA）可阻断ET、LT的致病作用，已用作疫苗，但繁殖体生长过程中产生的出血、蛋白溶解分子也是毒力分子。相应的抑制剂有治疗作用。现有炭疽粗制PA苗、芽孢苗安全有效，但仍存在不足。根据炭疽致病机制的研究进展，理想炭疽疫苗应同时靶向芽孢、荚膜和毒素及其他毒力因子等多个环节。

Progress in research on pathogenesis of Bacillus anthracis and vaccine design strategies

Anthrax results when spores ofBacillus anthracisenter the host and germinate there.The bacteria multiplyquickly,produce and secrete a series of virulence factors and toxic substances including capsule and tripartite toxin.Thesefactors and substances cause edema,septicemia,hemorrhagic lesion,necrosis and finally death in systemic infection.It iswidely believed that anthrax lethal toxin secreted by proliferating bacteria is a major cause of death.However,the patholog-ical changes in natural fatal cases are quite different from that of the lethal toxin(LT) intoxicated animals.Several attenua-ted nonencapsulatedB.anthracisspore vaccines and anthrax vaccines adsorbed(AVA) have been used for human,butneed to be improved.Based on current pathogenesis study ofB.anthracis,an ideal vaccine would confer simultaneous pro-tection against spores,bacilli,toxins and so on.