The cellular and molecular origin of reactive oxygen species generation during myocardial ischemia and reperfusion |
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Authors: | Raedschelders Koen Ansley David M Chen David D Y |
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Affiliation: | a Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine. The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canadab Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada |
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Abstract: | Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury is an important cause of impaired heart function in the early postoperative period subsequent to cardiac surgery. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation increases during both ischemia and reperfusion and it plays a central role in the pathophysiology of intraoperative myocardial injury. Unfortunately, the cellular source of these ROS during ischemia and reperfusion is often poorly defined. Similarly, individual ROS members tend to be grouped together as free radicals with a uniform reactivity towards biomolecules and with deleterious effects collectively ascribed under the vague umbrella of oxidative stress. This review aims to clarify the identity, origin, and progression of ROS during myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. Additionally, this review aims to describe the biochemical reactions and cellular processes that are initiated by specific ROS that work in concert to ultimately yield the clinical manifestations of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion. Lastly, this review provides an overview of several key cardioprotective strategies that target myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury from the perspective of ROS generation. This overview is illustrated with example clinical studies that have attempted to translate these strategies to reduce the severity of ischemia-reperfusion injury during coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. |
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Keywords: | ATP, Adenosine triphosphate CABG, Coronary artery bypass grafting CO2, Carbon dioxide CPB, Cardiopulmonary bypass H2O2, Hydrogen peroxide MDA, Malondialdehyde MMP, Matrix metalloproteinase NO&bull , Nitric Oxide NO2&bull &minus , Nitrogen dioxide radical NOS, Nitric oxide synthase ONOO&minus , Peroxynitrite ONOOH, Peroxynitrous acid O2, Molecular Oxygen O2&bull &minus , Superoxide ROS, Reactive Oxygen Species (Encompasses O2&bull &minus , NO&bull , NO2&bull &minus , ONOO&minus , and ONOOH) |
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