介入栓塞治疗急性消化道大出血的临床应用

目的　探讨介入栓塞治疗消化道大出血的对策、方法选择和影响疗效的因素。方法　急性消化道大出血 15例 ,其中上消化道 4例 ,下消化道 11例。分别采用PVA、明胶海绵、钢丝圈 3种材料进行栓塞。下消化道采用同轴导管法。结果　 15例中 14例成功止血 ,共对 16个病灶进行了 17次栓塞 ,止血成功率为 94 .1%。其中 1例术后出现小肠坏死行手术治疗切除肠管。随访 15例 ,1例术后 3个月再次出血 ,手术证实为小肠血管淋巴瘤。 2例小肠恶性肿瘤择期手术。另 1例术中出血速度太快、量太大 ,出现休克 ,以钢丝圈栓塞止血成功 ,术后外科手术证实为小肠良性肿瘤伴大面积出血。结论　使用不同方法介入栓塞治疗急性消化道大出血是有效而安全的 ,正确选择栓塞的靶血管和合适的栓塞剂和用量是成功的关键

Investigation on the clinical practice of transcatheter embolization for acute gastrointestinal hemorrhage

Objective To study the tactics, methods and relevant factors of transcatheter embolization for acute gastrointestinal hemorrhage.Methods Fifteen patients with acute gastrointestinal hemorrhage were embolized by one of the methods of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA), gelfoam or metal coils. Four of the fifteen patients were upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage, the other cases were lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage which were embolized using coaxial microcatheter. Results Fourteen of the fifteen patients were treated successfully by these methods. There were total 17 times of embolization for 16 parts, the success rate reached 94.1%. The other one reveaded an infarction of intestine after the embolization and was cured by resection. One of the fifteen patients appeared a recurrent hemorrhage 3 months later, and confirmed to be a hemangiolymphangioma. Two patients with malignant tumor were operated upon selectively. The other patient of intestinal hemorrhage was embolized successfully by using a metal coil after shock. Leiomyoma complicated with large area of bleeding was finally proven by operation.Conclusions Transcatheter embolization for acute massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage is safe and efficient under different choice of methods. The key of success is the right selection of embolized target artery and dosage of emboli.