放松训练对腹部手术病人应激反应的影响

选择择期腹部手术病人５１例，随机分为实验组和对照组。实验组（ｎ＝２５）给予术前指导和渐进性放松训练；对照组（ｎ＝２６）只给予术前指导，分别观察了两组病人术前３日基础值、术日、术后１日、４日各点的焦虑状态（状态性焦虑及焦虑的躯体化症状）、血压、心率、血清皮质醇变化以及术后疼痛情况。结果：（１）实验组各点状态性焦虑程度都显著低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５），术后１日和术后４日的焦虑躯体化症状及术后１日切口疼痛程度显著低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５），镇静药用量明显减少（Ｐ＜０．０５）；（２）实验组收缩压、舒张压和心率均有降低趋势，术日次收缩压和术后１日心率反应显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）；（３）术后１日血清皮质醇显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）。认为放松训练对抗手术应激反应有一定作用，尤其是能明显降低应激所致的焦虑心理反应，为心理护理提供了一种安全简便、行之有效的方法。

Relaxation training on Stress responses to abdominal surgery

In order to understand the effects of relaxation training on surgical stress response,a study was conducted among patients with abdominal surgery. Fifty-one patients were randomly divided into two groups. Experimental group (n=25): patients received preoperative instruction and relaxation training.control group (n=26):patients received only preoperative instruction. Anxiety state (state anxiety and physical symptoms of anxiety),blood pressure,heart rate,serum cortisone and postoperative pain of two groups were assessed and compared respectively on the third preoperative day ,operation day,the first and the fourth postoperative day. Results showed that (1) there were significant differences between two groups(P<0. 05) in state anxiety scores on each day,physical symptoms on the first and fourth day after operation and severity of pain on the first postoperative day.(2) responses of systolic pressure ,diastolic pressure and heart rate decreased in the experimental group.(3) Serum cortisone leval decreased significantly in the experimental group on the first postoperative day (P<0. 05). This study shows that relaxation training has positive effects on surgical stress responses,especially in reducing the psychological anxiety responses. Relaxation training can be served as an easy and effective method in nursing practice.