泉州市鲤城区2004～2010年麻疹疫情分析及防制对策

目的:研究近年来鲤城区麻疹流行特征和流行因素,为制定和调整消除麻疹策略提供科学依据。方法:对2004～2010年鲤城区麻疹疫情监测资料进行流行病学描述和分析。结果:2004～2010年网络直报系统共报告确诊麻疹病例数116例,年均发病率为6.55/10万,其中2009～2010年确诊麻疹病例数2例,发病率较前5年比较急剧下降,从2007年的最高发病率18.44/10万,降至2009～2010年的0.39/10万;发病呈现2个高峰,第一个高峰在3～8月份,第二个高峰在12月份,病例主要集中在外来人口聚集的江南街道和浮桥街道,在0～1岁组和20～30岁组发病比例有明显上升趋势。免疫规划监测系统共报告确诊病例数123例,其中流动占52.03%,无免疫史或不详占91.87%,流动人口病例的免疫率明显低于本地人口。结论:麻疹监测系统较网络直报系统敏感,影响我区麻疹发生和流行的因素是易感者的积累、流动人口的聚集、常规免疫和入托入学查验证后的补种工作不够落实,经过2008年的查漏补种和2009～2010年两轮的强化,麻疹疫情迅速得到遏制,继续加强流动人口管理,开展有针对性的预防接种,消除免疫空白点,提高人群麻疹免疫水平,是实现2012年麻疹发病率控制在1/100万以下目标的关键。

Epidemiological analysis of measles situation from 2004 to 2010 and its control strategies in Quanzhou city Licheng District

Objective: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of measles in Licheng District of Quanzhou city,forecast the prevalent trend and provide a basis for making prevention and control strategy.Methods:The incidence data of measles from 2004 to 2010 in Licheng District were collected and analyzed statistically.Results:A total of 116 cases with confirmed measles were reported through direct network report system.The annual average incidence rate was 6.55/100 000.There were 2 measles cases from 2009 to 2010.The annual average incidence rate was sharp dropped(18.44/100 000) compared with last five years(0.39/100 000).There were two peaks in incidence rate,the first from March to August,and the second peak in December.Most cases were from Jiangnan Street and Fuqiao Street where most floating population was located.The incidence was significant increased in population aged 0-1 years and 20-30 years.A total of 123 confirmed cases were reported by Immunization monitoring system,which floating population accounted for 52.03%,and patients with no immunization history or unknown history accounted for 91.87%.The immunization rates of floating population were significantly lower than the local population.Conclusions:Measles surveillance system is more sensitive than direct network report system.Accumulation of susceptible population,gathering of floating population,lack of routine immunization and insufficient school check for enrollment verification are risk factors to measles incidence and prevalence.After the leak replanting in 2008 and aggrandizement during 2009-2010,measles has been controlled.Strengthening the management of floating population,developing targeted vaccination,eliminating immune blank point,improving immunity of population are key in controlling incidence rate of measles below 1/1 000 000 in 2012.