厦门地区乳母产褥期膳食营养状况调查

目的调查评价厦门地区乳母产褥期饮食结构和膳食营养状况,并与正常妇女比较,分析营养素摄入满足机体需要的程度以及存在的营养问题。方法采用24h膳食回顾法调查厦门地区40名乳母产后第2天、第7天和第30天的饮食状况,同样方法调查58名同龄健康非孕非产妇女的1日膳食做对照。参考中国食物成分表计算营养素的摄入,与相应人群的膳食营养参考摄入量(DRIs)比较进行评价。结果乳母产后第2天、第7天和第30天能量平均摄入分别达到推荐摄入量(RNI)的86.2%、75.8%和75.4%,对照组妇女能量摄入仅达到RNI的61.9%。乳母蛋白质平均摄入量分别高于RNI(85g)的55.8%、31.5%和22.6%,碳水化物摄入较少。乳母铁摄入量达到RNI标准,烟酸、维生素E和硒的摄入高于RNI水平,维生素C和钙的摄入低于RNI水平。乳母维生素A、维生素E和硒的摄入达RNI的比例高于对照组妇女比例,但维生素C、钙和锌的摄入比例较对照组低。结论乳母能量、蛋白质和脂肪的摄入基本符合DRIs的标准,但三大营养素供能比例不平衡,部分微量营养素摄入偏低,乳母3个时间点大部分营养素摄入变化趋势不明显,乳母大部分的营养素摄入水平较对照组妇女好。

Dietary Nutrition Status of Lactating Mothers During Puerperium in Xiamen

Objective To assess the dietary nutrition status of lactating mothers during puerperium in Xiamen.Methods In this study,24h dietary recall method was used to assess the dietary nutrition status of lactating mothers at postpartum 2nd,7th and 30th days （n=40）,58 healthy non-pregnant/non-lactating women were selected as controls.The mean nutrients intakes were measured by and compared with Chinese standards-Dietary Reference Intakes （DRIs）.Results The mean energy intakes of the lactating mothers at postpartum 2nd,7th and 30th days were reached 86.2%,75.8% and 75.4% respectively of RNI（Recommended Nutrient Intake）,and it was only 61.9% in control group.The mean carbohydrate intakes were much lower,and protein intakes exceeded the RNI level （85g） by 55.8%,31.5% and 22.6% respectively.The mean intakes of iron reached RNI,and the intakes of niacin,vitamin E and selenium were much higher than RNI.However,the intakes of vitamin C and calcium were significantly lower than RNI.Compared with control group,the proportion of the lactating mothers whose vitamin A,vitamin E and selenium intakes reached RNI was higher,but the proportion of the lactating mothers whose vitamin C,calcium and Zinc intakes reached RNI was lower.Conclusion The intakes of energy,protein and fat among the lactating reached RNI basically and low intakes of micronutrients were found to be widely prevalent among the lactating mothers.No obvious differences were found on the nutrients intakes among them at three different times.Unbalanced proportion of energy provided by protein,fat and carbohydrate was observed.Therefore,it is necessary to conduct dietary intervention among lactating women.