Atypical symptom presentations in children and adolescents with obsessive compulsive disorder

BackgroundCommon symptom presentations in youth with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) are easily recognized and are included in the Children's Yale Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS) symptom checklist. However, some youth may occasionally present with atypical or unusual symptoms that are less readily recognized as OCD and may be confused with other disorders that sometimes overlap, such as autism spectrum disorder or even psychosis.MethodsCase synopses which are thematically linked and exemplify and illustrate two distinct types of unusual or atypical symptom presentations are described. These symptoms are embedded in the subjects' broader clinical picture, that more correctly identifies the atypical symptoms as a variant feature of OCD rather than some other diagnostic condition.ResultsWe describe twenty-four children with OCD. Twelve children had obsessions related to adverse experiences of places, times or other people that were felt as horrific, abhorrent or disgusting. These obsessions led to contamination fears of any thoughts or actions associated with those places, events or people. In those whose OCD was a reaction to another person, the contamination obsession often took the form of fear of acquiring an unwanted trait or characteristic by association, which was then avoided. Twelve other youth had obsessions driven by a primary sensory experience that was intolerable, including tactile, olfactory, and auditory stimuli. These sensory experiences were sometimes linked to specific objects or people, driving time-consuming repetitive behaviors to avoid or alleviate the sensory discomfort.ConclusionRecognition of atypical presentations of OCD, such as fear of contamination by association with adverse experiences and primary sensory intolerance leading to OCD will help clinicians to better identify and treat these unique symptoms.