Reduced willingness to invest effort in schizophrenia with high negative symptoms regardless of reward stimulus presentation and reward value |
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| Institution: | 1. Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Neuroscience Program, C/Passeig Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain;2. Autonomous University of Barcelona, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Av. de Can Domènech, 737, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;3. CIBERSAM: Centro de Investigación en Red en Salud Mental, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain;1. Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis (IUPUI), 402 N. Blackford St., Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States;2. Indiana University School of Medicine, 340 W 10th St #6200, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States;3. Roudebush VA Medical Center, 1481 W 10th St, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States;1. Department of Psychiatry, University of Necmettin Erbakan, Meram Faculty of Medicine Konya, Turkey;2. Psychiatry Outpatient Clinic, Hospital of Acıbadem Altunizade, Istanbul, Turkey;3. Department of Psychiatry, Bakirkoy Research and Training Hospital for Psychiatry, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Istanbul, Turkey;4. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Necmettin Erbakan, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey;1. Faculty of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy;2. Sleep Disorder Unit, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy;3. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy Unit, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy;1. Marquette University, 604 N. 16th St., Milwaukee, WI 53233, United States of America;2. University of Utah, 201 Presidents Cir., Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States of America;3. Psychology Houston, PC, 7660 Woodway, Suite 599, Houston, TX 77063, United States of America;1. Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, United States;2. Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, United States |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundNegative symptoms in schizophrenia, which are related to poor functioning, are thought to be grounded on aberrant functioning in the reward system. We aimed to disentangle how negative symptoms and two cognitive aspects of goal-directed behavior, mental representation of reward and reward value, affect willingness to invest effort to attain a reward in schizophrenia.Aims and proceduresTo this purpose, 43 schizophrenia patients and 35 healthy controls were assessed for negative symptoms and general functioning, and completed an effort-based reward task. Patients were split in high and low negative symptoms scorers. A series of ANOVA tests were conducted in order to test the effects of group controlling for representation of reward (Task 1) and balance between reward value and effort (Task 2) on will to invest effort to attain a reward.Main findingsSchizophrenia patients with high negative symptoms chose to invest lower amounts of effort for a reward compared both to low negative symptoms patients and to controls in both tasks. Neither mental representation of reward (Task 1) nor reward value (Task 2) did differentially affect will to invest effort between-groups.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that the lower willingness to invest effort observed in schizophrenia patients with high negative symptoms may not be related to cognitive aspects of goal-oriented behavior. |
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