胆囊的解剖学特点及胆囊癌浸润转移途径

胆囊癌的侵袭转移与胆囊的解剖特点密切相关。胆囊具有直接连接肝床、薄弱的黏膜下肌层、丰富多向的淋巴回流和神经支配、胆囊静脉直接汇入门静脉、与周围脏器关系密切等解剖特点。肝转移和淋巴转移是最常见的浸润转移方式，胆管转移多表现为直接浸润并且常伴有神经侵犯。周围脏器侵犯、腹腔播散和远处转移是胆囊癌的晚期表现。从解剖和病理生理的角度认识胆囊癌的浸润转移特性，将有助于理解不同部位、类型、不同进展期胆囊癌的临床表现，制定治疗方案及评估预后。

Anatomical features of gallbladder and invasion and metastasis route of gallbladder cancer

The invasion and metastasis of gallbladder cancer(GBCA) is closely related with the gallbladder anatomical features.The gallbladder sits are just beneath the liver,with thin submucosal muscle,multi-directional lymphatic flow and rich innervation.The gallbladder vein directly joins the portal vein and the gallbladder keeps close anatomical relationship with surrounding organs.Liver and lymph node invasion are the most common metastasis ways of GBCA,and bile duct metastasis is often accompanied by neural inva...