云南省少数民族眼病研究初步结果分析

目的：了解云南省少数民族聚居的农村地区50岁及以上傣族、白族、彝族和同居住地的汉族人群眼病患病率及其相关危险因素；分析不同少数民族眼病的流行病学特点。方法调查研究。采用随机整群抽样方法，于2010年1月至2015年1月在云南省少数民族地区选择多个民族进行以人群为基础的大样本眼病流行病学调查。研究对象均进行眼部和全身检查以及问卷调查。眼部检查包括视力、直接检影镜、眼压、裂隙灯显微镜、眼底照相和青光眼专项检查等。采用频数、百分位数、x±s等进行描述性统计分析。应用卡方检验、logistic回归分析等进行推断性统计分析。结果共10845例对象符合纳入标准，其中8696例受试者完成检查，应答率为80.18%。我们获得了云南省少数民族和汉族人群屈光不正、盲和视力损伤、青光眼、翼状胬肉、白内障以及眼球测量参数等资料。患病率调查显示彝族近视、高度近视患病率约7.8%和1.6%，傣族盲和视力损伤患病率分别约为3.0%和13.3%，白族青光眼患病率约2.2%、汉族翼状胬肉患病率高达39.5%、白族白内障手术率约4.6%。结论该研究显示中国西南部少数民族聚居农村地区人群的主要致盲性眼病患病情况，从而为医疗资源的合理分配以及防盲治盲策略的制定提供科学依据。

Initial results of the Yunnan Minority Eye Study

Objective To assess the prevalence and causes of ocular diseases in the ethnic Han, Dai, Bai and Yi populations aged 50 years or older in Yunnan Province, China. Methods Random cluster sampling strategies were adopted in a population-based and epidemiological investigation of ophthalmopathy from January 2010 to January 2015. All the subjects underwent detailed eye examinations, a general examinations and a face-to-face questionnaire interview. Ocular examinations included measurements of visual acuity (VA), direct ophthalmoscopy, intraocular pressure (IOP), slit lamp examination, fundus photography and so on other assessments. Results Of the 10 845 individuals people eligible for the Yunnan Minority Eye Study (YMES), 8 696 (80.18%) subjects participated in the study. The Prevalence was around approxiamtely 7.8% for myopia, 1.6% for high myopia in ethnic Yi;3.0% for blindness, 13.3% for visual impairment in ethnic Dai; 2.2% for glaucoma in ethnic Bai;39.5% for pterygium in ethnic Han and 4.6% for cataract surgery in ethnic Bai. Conclusion These data from the YMES project will provide key information about major causes of blinding eye diseases in the rural ethnic regions of Southwest China and which can be used for planning a reasonable distribution of medical resources and the strategies for the prevention and treatments of blindness in China.