小胶质细胞在视网膜血管发育及新生血管发生中的调控作用

小胶质细胞是中枢神经系统特化的组织巨噬细胞,对维持视网膜的正常形态和功能至关重要.近年研究提示,小胶质细胞在中枢血管系统建立之前已经移行进入大脑.除了具有调控炎症反应的免疫活性作用外,小胶质细胞在中枢神经系统发育期血管塑形以及病理状态下血管重塑中也发挥重要作用.小胶质细胞与生长期血管接触,促进出芽的血管融合;而且与血管内皮细胞存在双向的交互作用.在细胞间传递信息的外泌体以及Notch信号在这种交互作用中扮演重要角色.小胶质细胞在视网膜血管生成中的作用目前尚未得到重视,深入的基础研究有望为视网膜新生血管疾病的治疗提供帮助.本文就小胶质细胞的来源及其如何与血管内皮细胞进行交互作用,从而参与视网膜血管发育及新生血管的发生进行综述.

Microgliar regulates the physical development of vascular growth and angiogenesis in the retina

Being regarded as one kind of specialized tissue macrophages in central nervous system,microglia plays a key role in maintenance of retinal integrity and function.However,recent investigations have revealed that microglia has migrated in the brain before the vascular network formation.Besides their role of immunological modulation in inflammation response,it also has strong effects on shaping vasculature during development and remolding vessels in pathological processes.Microglia contact with the angiogenic vessel,promoting the anastomoses of sprouts.Interestingly,reciprocal interactions between microglia and endothelial cells have been a hot topic.Secreted exosomes can offer a vehicle for the exchange of information between cells engaged in angiogenesis.Notch signaling also plays an important role in cell-to-cell communication during angiogenesis.The participation of microglia in retinal blood vessel formation has received little attention to date.Additional basic studies may ultimately clarify the significance of this cell and provide valuable therapeutic insight into treatment for retinal pathological neovascularization.In this review,we focued on the origin of microglia and summarize how the crosstalk between microglia and endothelial cells modulate the physical development of vessel and angiogenesis.