宁夏回族自治区同心县50岁及以上农村人群屈光不正患病率调查

目的 调查宁夏回族自治区同心县50岁及以上农村人群屈光不正的患病情况,并了解屈光矫正前后,盲和低视力的患病情况.方法 调查研究.采用单纯随机抽样的方法对宁夏同心县50岁及以上的农村人群进行一般情况的问卷调查和视力、眼压、验光、裂隙灯显微镜、免散瞳数字眼底照相等眼部专科检查.采用卡方检验对数据进行分析.结果 共5 493例符合纳入标准,其中5 046例接受并完成了检查,应答率为91.86％,在受检的5 046例中,屈光不正2 116例,屈光不正患病率为41.93％.根据日常生活视力(PVA)标准和最佳矫正视力(BCVA)标准,盲的患病率分别为5.35％、2.02％,差异有统计学意义(x2=78.78,P＜0.01),低视力的患病率分别为15.28％、5.77％,差异有统计学意义(x2=244.54,P＜0.01).受教育程度小学以下、小学、初中、高中及以上屈光不正患病率分别为45.94％、36.42％、25.38％、33.79％,不同教育程度患病率差异有统计学意义(x2=97.89,P＜0.01);回族和汉族患病率分别为43.33％、35.92％,差异有统计学意义(x2=17.40,P＜0.01).结论 宁夏同心县50岁及以上农村人群屈光不正患病率为41.93％,根据不同标准,盲和低视力的患病率不同,不同年龄、教育程度、民族之间患病率也不同.通过屈光矫正,低视力患病率显著降低.

An investigation of the prevalence of refractive error in 50 years or older adults in rural populations in the Tongxin county of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region

Objective By investigating the prevalence of refractive errors in older adults in rural populations in Tongxin county,Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,it was feasible to get more actual data on the prevalence of blindness and low vision before and after refractive correction.Methods A population-based cross-sectional study was carried out.A questionnaire was designed for people aged 50 or older in Tongxin county,Ningxia,to obtain a general medical history,dietary habits,previous ocular history and treatment.Measurements were taken,including visual acuity,intraocular pressure,refraction,slit-lamp microscopy and non-mydriatic digital fundus photography in order to analyze the distribution of people with refractive errors associated with gender,age,education level and different ethnic groups,as well as etiological factors causing prevalence and noncorrectable vision with different refractive conditions.Visual impairment standards that included best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and presenting visual acuity (PVA) were used to analyze the prevalence of blindness and low vision before and after refractive correction.A Chi-square test was used for comparing the rate among groups.Results There were 5 493 people aged 50 or older in the rural population in Tongxin county,among which 5 046 people completed the examination,sponse rate were 91.86％,and 2 116 of them were diagnosed with ametropia,a prevalence rate of 41.93％.Based on PVA and BCVA,the prevalence of blindness was 5.35％ and 2.02％,respectively,and the difference was statistically significant (x2=78.78,P＜0.01).Similarly,based on PVA and BCVA standards,the prevalence of low vision was 15.28％ and 5.77％,respectively,which was statistically significant (x2=244.54,P＜0.01).The prevalence of ametropia in different educational levels:under primary school,primary school,middle school,senior high school and above was 45.94％,36.42％,25.38％,and 33.79％,the differences were significant (x2=97.89,P＜0.01).The prevalence of Hui and Han nationalities was 43.33％ and 35.92％,respectively.The prevalence rate of the Hui population was higher than the Han population (x2=17.40,P＜0.01).Conclusion Prevalence of refractive error is 41.93％ in Tongxin County,Ningxia.Prevalence of refractive error is different in different age,eductional levels,ethnic group.Blindness and low vision impairment could be eliminated in most elderly people with refractive correction.