自噬在年龄相关性黄斑变性和视网膜脱离中的研究进展

自噬是维持细胞正常功能和内环境稳定的一种关键的自我保护机制,其在生长发育、适应、肿瘤抑制、老化、先天性和获得性免疫中扮演着重要角色.近年来的研究表明,自噬与众多眼病,如角膜营养不良、白内障、青光眼和视网膜疾病等的发生和发展有着密切联系.在年龄相关性黄斑变性(AMD)中,自噬异常损害视网膜色素上皮(RPE)细胞的功能,促进脂褐质形成并且参与玻璃膜疣的积累.在视网膜脱离(RD)中,自噬既能保护光感受器细胞,也能促进光感受器细胞的死亡.本文就自噬的分子机制、其在AMD和RD中的作用以及自噬作用的转变和水平的变化与损伤的时间、强弱及性质的相关性进行综述.

Research progress of autophagy in age-related macular degeneration and retinal detachment

As a critical self-protection mechanism to maintain the cellular homeostasis and functions,autophagy plays a significant role in growth,adaptation,tumor suppression,aging,innate and acquired immunity.Recent studies have indicated that autophagy is associated with the occurrence and development of many eye diseases including corneal dystrophy,cataract,glaucoma and retinal diseases.In age-related macular degeneration (AMD),abnormal autophagy injures the function of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells,leads to the formation of lipofuscin and participates in drusen's accumulation.In retinal detachment (RD),autophagy can be both protective and harmful for photoreceptor cells.The effect and level of autophagy variation correlates with the time,strength and character of the injury.This review analyzed the relationship between autophagy and AMD or RD,and the influence of autophagy variation in these diseases.