Effect of Hepatic Preconditioning with the Use of Methylene Blue on the Liver of Wistar Rats Submitted to Ischemia and Reperfusion |
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Authors: | T.N. de Almeida,J.P. Victorino,J. Bistafa Liu,D. Tófoli Queiroz Campos,C. Graf,M.C. Jordani,L.A. Carneiro d Albuquerque,K.D.S. Mendes,O. Castro-e-Silva |
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Affiliation: | 1. Surgery and Anatomy Department, University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil;2. General and Specialized Nursing Department, University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil;3. Department of Gastroenterology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil |
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Abstract: | BackgroundThe liver may be injured in situations where it is submitted to ischemia, such as partial hepatectomy and liver transplantation. In all cases, ischemia is followed by reperfusion and, although it is essential for the reestablishment of tissue function, reperfusion may cause greater damage than ischemia, an injury characterized as ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) damage. The aim of this work was to analyze the effect of ischemic preconditioning with the use of methylene blue (MB; 15 mg/kg) 5 or 15 minutes before I/R (IRMB5′ and IRMB15′, respectively) on the hepatic injury occurring after I/R.MethodsTwenty-eight male Wistar rats were used, and liver samples submitted to partial ischemia (IR) or not (NI) were obtained from the same animal. The samples were divided into 7 groups. Data were analyzed statistically by means of the nonparametric Mann-Whitney test and Wilcoxon Matched test, with the level of significance set at 5% (P < .05).ResultsThe rate of oxygen consumption by state 3 mitochondria was inhibited in all ischemic groups compared with the sham group (SH vs IR: P = .0052; SH vs IRMB5′: P = .0006; SH vs IRMB15′: P = .0048), which did not occur in the nonischemic contralateral portion of the same liver (SH vs NI: P = .7652; SH vs NIMB5′: P = .059; SH vs NIMB15′: P = .3153). The inhibition of the rate of oxygen consumption by state 3 mitochondria was maintained in the presence of MB (IR vs IRMB5′: P = .4563; IR vs IRMB15′: P = .9021). The respiratory control ratio was reduced in all ischemic groups compared with the sham group, owing to the inhibition of oxygen consumption in state 3 (SH vs IR: P = .0151; SH vs IRMB5′: P = .005; SH vs IRMB15′: P = .0007).ConclusionsMethylene blue had no effect on the mitochondrial respiratory parameters studied, but was able to reduce lipid peroxidation, preventing the production of reactive oxygen species (SH vs IRMB15′: P = .0210). |
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Keywords: | Address correspondence to João Paulo Victorino General and Specialized Nursing Department University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing Av Bandeirantes 3900 Campus Universitário CEP 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil. |
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