Pathway of the blink reflex in the brainstem of the cat: Interneurons between the trigeminal nuclei and the facial nucleus

Blink reflex responses evoked by electrical stimulation of the supraorbital nerve were examined using cats and the pathway of the blink reflex in the brainstem was elucidated. Both early response (ER) and late response (LR) were mediated by the main sensory trigeminal nucleus and the spinal trigeminal nucleus. However, a lesion of the main sensory trigeminal nucleus had less effect on the blink reflex than a lesion of the spinal trigeminal nucleus. The ER was mediated not only by the shorter disynaptic pathway of 3 neurons through the trigeminal nerve, the trigeminal nuclei and the facial nucleus but also by a polysynaptic pathway of 4 neurons. The interneurons were located between the trigeminal nuclei and the facial nucleus. Some of these interneurons participated in the production of both ER and LR. The area of the brainstem responsible for ER and LR of the blink reflex was the reticular formation from the rostral part of the medulla to the pons except the medial area around the median sulcus. The LR interneurons were distributed more widely than the ER interneurons.