高龄眼疾老年人跌倒风险的影响因素调查研究

目的:探究高龄眼疾老年人的跌倒风险及其跌倒风险相关的影响因素。方法:选取唐山市社区75岁及以上的有眼部疾患的老年人,进行修订版社区老年人跌倒危险评估工具评测。结果:412例高龄眼疾中老年人中存在跌倒风险者404人(98.1%),其中重度跌倒风险者140人(34.7%);近一年内跌倒者133人(32.3%),次数为1、2和≥3次者分别占22.6%、5.3%和4.4%;跌倒造成轻度损伤需医疗处置和严重损伤者分别占27.1%、9.8%。Logistic多元回归分析显示,日常生活能力、认知程度、平衡功能、视力、足部有无疾病、能否在家中安全行走、能否在社区内安全行走、居家环境危险因素是高龄眼疾老年人跌倒风险的影响因素,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:眼疾老年人的跌倒风险较大,影响其跌倒风险的因素复杂,应通过控制影响因素降低跌倒风险,实现健康老龄化。

Factors influencing the risk of fall in elderly with eye diseases

Objective: To explore the risk of fall and its risk factors in elderly with eye diseases. Methods: Residents aged 75 years or above with eye diseases were recruited from communities of Tangshan, and the Modified Falls Risk for Older People in the Community screening tool was evaluated. Results: In 412 elderly with eye diseases, there were 404 cases who had fall risk (98.1%) and 140 cases who had severe falls risk (34.7%). 133 (32.3%) cases had a history of falls in the past year, and the falls number of 1, 2 and more than 3 accounted for 22.6%, 5.3% and 4.4% respectively. Mild injuries that required medical treatment and severe injuries caused by fall were 27.1% and 9.8% respectively. Logistic multiple regression analysis revealed daily living ability, cognitive level, vision, foot diseases, safe walking at home, safe walking in the community, and home environment were the risk factors of falls in elderly patients with eye diseases. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Eye diseases can increase the risk of falls in elderly. Management of the risk of falls should be strengthened in elderly with eye diseases, to reduce the incidence of falls and improve the quality of life. And necessary surgical treatment should be performed to improve the visual function.