青岛市农村改厕现状与评价

目的了解2005年青岛市农村改厕情况,探讨农村改厕工作新模式。方法于2005年在青岛市选择对当地经济水平和改厕现状有一定代表性的8个村。每村抽取40户以上作为调查对象。采用问卷调查的方法,对调查对象的户厕建筑与粪便处理情况进行调查,按照GB19379－2003《农村户厕卫生标准》进行评价。并对农民的卫生知识和卫生行为情况进行调查。结果在被调查的365个农户中,建厕率为100%,卫生厕所普及率80.0%（292/365）。建在住宅庭院的户厕占83.84%（306/365）,建在住宅室内的占16.16%（59/365）。水冲式、非水冲式厕所构成比间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;且均以二类居多。达到二类及以上建筑设计卫生要求占82.5%。厕所粪便无害化处理率为78.36%（286/365）。农户对卫生厕所的满意率为97.26%（355/365）;户厕正常使用率为98.63%（360/365）。被调查农民对所调查的各项卫生知识的知晓率为65.22%－92.39%,具有卫生行为的百分比为47.83%－94.84%。结论2005年青岛市农村卫生厕所的普及和达标情况较好。

Survey of Latrine Improvement in Rural Areas in Qingdao City

Objective To understand the situation of rebuilding sanitary latrine in the rural areas in Qingdao and to evaluate the effect of sanitary latrine improvement, explore the new measure of sanitary latrine improvement in the rural areas. Methods In 2005, the typical method of investigation was used to choose 365 farmers from 8 rebuilding sanitary latrine villages among three counties in Qingdao, and to conduct on-site survey and health questionnaires on the construction of household latrines and excreta treatment, sanitation and related knowledge. Hygienic evaluation was made in accordance with hygienic standard for rural household latrine. Results 100% of the houses had the household latrines, 80.0% were the sanitary latrines, dejecta treatment rate was 78.36%. Conclusion All evaluation indexes reach the high level, the effect of household latrine improvement in the investigated rural areas is satisfactory.