恶性肿瘤患者医院感染危险因素及预防措施

目的：探讨恶性肿瘤患者发生医院感染的危险因素及预防措施，为其医院感染预防和控制提供依据。方法：选取2010年12月至2015年12月的2775例恶性肿瘤患者，对其临床资料进行回顾性分析，调查数据应用SPSS 13.0软件进行统计分析。结果：2775例恶性肿瘤患者中216例并发医院感染，感染率为7.78%，感染部位以呼吸道为主，占50.93%；感染病原菌以革兰阴性菌为主，121株占56.02%，主要为大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌和肺炎克雷伯菌；革兰阳性菌68株占31.48%，主要为金黄色葡萄球菌；真菌27株占12.5%，主要为白假丝酵母菌；216例发生医院感染患者中，肺癌患者最多，占44.91%；肿瘤分期以Ⅳ期患者感染为主，占56.48%；恶性肿瘤患者医院感染的危险因素包括年龄、放化疗、侵入性操作、抗菌药物的应用、激素的使用等。结论：恶性肿瘤患者容易发生医院感染，因此针对易感因素采取相应的预防对策，合理使用抗菌药物，加强医院感染管理，可有效降低医院感染发生率。

Risk factors causing nosocomial infections of tumor patients and prevention

Objective:To explore the risk factors causing nosocomial infections of tumor patients. Methods:A total of 2 775 patients with malignant tumor were recruited in the study,the clinical data of the subjects were retrospectively analyzed,the data were statistically analyzed with SPSS 13. 0 software. Results:Of the 2 775 patients with malignant tumor,the nosocomial infections occurred in 216 cases with the infection rate of 7. 78% . Respiratory system dominated the infection sites,accounting for 50. 93% . Pathogen infection was priority to with gram - negative bacteria,121 strains(56. 02% ),mainly e. coli,pseudomonas aeruginosa,and klebsiella pneumonia bacteria. Gram - positive bacte-ria were 68 strains(31. 48% ),mainly staphylococcus aureus. Fungi 27 strains(12. 5% ),mainly the white candida. the 216 patients who suffered nosocomial infections,lung cancer patients accounted for 44. 91% . Patients at Ⅳ stage dominated the infected patients of different stages,accounting for 56. 48% . The risk factor for the nosocomial infec-tions in the malignant tumor patients included the age,radiation and chemotherapy,invasive operation,application of antibacterial drugs,use of the hormone. Conclusion:Maligant tumor patients prone to nosocomial infections,take cor-responding prevention countermeasures for susceptible factors,rational use of antimicrobial agents,to strengthen the management of nosocomial infections,can effectively reduce the incidence of nosocomial infections.