PTEN在乳腺癌及癌前病变中的表达及意义

目的：探讨人第10号染色体缺失的磷酸酶（phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosometen， PTEN）在乳腺导管上皮不典型增生（ atypical ductal hyperplasia，ADH）、导管内癌（ ductal carcinoma in situ， DCIS）、浸润性导管癌（invasiveductal carcinoma，IDC）三组病变组织中的表达及意义。方法：收集 ADH 60例、DCIS 100例、IDC 165例，利用 Real - time RT - PCR 检测 ADH、DCIS、IDC 病变组织中 PTEN 基因在 mRNA 水平的表达情况；利用 Western - Blot 方法和免疫组织化学技术检测 ADH、DCIS、IDC 病变组织中 PTEN 蛋白的表达情况。结果：Real - time RT - PCR 技术结果显示，ADH 组 PTEN mRNA 表达水平最高，DCIS 组次之，IDC组最低差异具有统计学意义（t =26.661，P <0.05）。Western - Blot 技术检测 PTEN 蛋白在 ADH、DCIS、IDC 三组病变组织中的表达呈逐渐下降趋势，差异具有统计学意义（t =9.355，P <0.05）。免疫组织化学检测 PTEN蛋白在 ADH、DCIS、IDC 三组病变组织中的阳性表达率分别为91.9%、51.0%、36.9%，差异有统计学意义（χ2=54.734，P <0.05）。分析 PTEN 蛋白表达水平与乳腺癌患者临床资料的相关性，结果显示其与患者年龄无相关性（P >0.05），而与患者的肿瘤分化程度、临床分级及转移有相关性，且差异有统计学意义（χ2=15.8，P <0.05）。结论：无论是在蛋白水平还是 mRNA 水平，PTEN 基因的表达从 ADH 到 DCIS 再到 IDC 呈下降趋势，提示 PTEN 可能参与了乳腺癌发生发展的过程，为日后治疗提供靶点理论依据。

Significance of PTEN expression in the evolution of breast carcinoma

Objective:To explore the expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosometen (PTEN)during the evolution of breast cancer,including atypical ductal hyperplasia(ADH),ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)and invasiveductal carcinoma(IDC)stage. Methods:Real - time RT - PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of PTEN gene in ADH group,DCIS group and IDC group. The expressions of PTEN protein in ADH group, DCIS group and IDC group were detected by western blot. Breast tissues were stained for the PTEN by immunohisto-chemistry of anti - PTEN monoclonal antibody in 60 cases of ADH,100 cases of DCIS and 165 cases of IDC. Results:Real - time RT - PCR test revealed that mRNA expression of PTEN gene were maximum in ADH group and minimum in IDC group(t = 26. 661,P < 0. 05). The western blot results of PTEN protein expression in ADH group,DCIS group and IDC group decreased gradually(t = 9. 355,P < 0. 05). Positive rates of ADH group,DCIS group and IDC group were 91. 9% ,48. 9% and 36. 9%(χ2 = 54. 734,P < 0. 05),respectively. The patientsˊ age was not statistically corre-lated with the expression of PTEN protein(P > 0. 05),while PTEN protein expression was related with the degree of tumor differentiation,clinical stage and metastasis(χ2 = 15. 8,P < 0. 05). Conclusion:The expression of PTEN re-duced along with the development of breast cancer. PTEN might be an important factor for the genesis and evolution of breast cancer,it will be new therapy target in the future.