灯盏花三倍体培育及经济性状的研究

目的 培育三倍体灯盏花，并对其重要经济性状进行评估。方法 利用秋水仙素诱导获得的灯盏花四倍体植株，与二倍体栽培种杂交获得三倍体灯盏花。用染色体法鉴定灯盏花倍性，大田观察评估三倍体灯盏花形态学特征，HPLC法测定灯盏乙素量。结果 四倍体与二倍体杂交成功获得三倍体灯盏花（2n＝3x＝27）；与双亲相比，三倍体灯盏花植株在株高、叶片长、叶片宽、花瓣数、气孔大小上大于二倍体，低于四倍体，但其叶片数和花朵直径均大于双亲；三倍体植株生长旺盛，灯盏乙素质量分数1.38%，介于四倍体（1.51%）和二倍体（1.22%）之间，但其产量显著高出四倍体，为二倍体的2.14倍和四倍体的1.84倍。结论 四倍体与二倍体杂交培育的三倍体灯盏花，灯盏乙素量虽然低于四倍体，但显著高于二倍体，综合其产量远远高于二倍体和四倍体的特征，三倍体灯盏花具有重要的生产利用价值。

Breeding of Erigeron breviscapus triploid and observation of biological properties

Objective To breed Erigeron breviscapus triploid and evaluate the important biological properties of triploid Erigeron breviscapus. Methods Tetraploid doubled by colchicine was hybridized with diploid cultivar to get the E. breviscapus triploid; The ploidy of E. breviscapus was identified by the chromosome number. The morphological charcteristics of E. breviscapus triploid in the field were observed and scutellarin was tested by HPLC. Results Through hybirdization of diploid cultivar and tetraploid, E. breviscapus triploid (2n=3x=27) was obtained successfully. Compared with its parents, the plant height, leaf length and width, number of petals, stoma size of E. breviscapus triploids are larger than those of E. breviscapus diploids, but less than those of E. breviscapus tetraploids. However, leaf number and flower diameter of E. breviscapus triploids are better than those of the parents. The plant of E. breviscapus triploids grew vigorously, and the content of scutellarin (1.38%) is lower than that of E. breviscapus tetraploids (1.51%) and higher than that of E. breviscapus diploids (1.22%). However, the yield of E. breviscapus triploid is obvious higher than that of E. breviscapus diploid with 2.14 times and E. breviscapus tetraploid with 1.84 times. Conclusion The content of scutellarin in E. breviscapus triploid bred by hybridizing E. breviscapus diploid and E. breviscapus tetraploid is lower than that of E. breviscapus tetraploid, while is much higher than that of E. breviscapus diploid. E. breviscapus triploid is an ideal and important one with the development and utilization value based on the characteristics mentioned above.