糖尿病与肿瘤关系的研究进展

2型糖尿病和肿瘤是两类严重威胁人类健康的慢性疾病。大量的流行病学和临床研究表明，2型糖尿病患者肝癌、胰腺癌、子宫内膜癌、胆囊癌、结直肠癌和乳腺癌的风险增加。高血糖可通过多种直接和间接机制促进癌细胞增殖、迁移、侵袭和免疫逃逸。胰岛素抵抗和高胰岛素血症会通过胰岛素/IGF-I信号轴激活多条信号通路促进肿瘤发生。持续的慢性炎性反应可通过DNA损伤和促炎因子促进癌症的发生发展。肠道菌群失调主要与几种消化道肿瘤发生密切相关。本文将对2型糖尿病与恶性肿瘤发生发展的关系及可能的机制研究进展进行综述。

Progress on Correlation Between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Malignant Tumors

Type 2 diabetes mellitus and malignant tumors are two kinds of chronic diseases with tremendous impact on human health. Numerous epidemiological and clinical studies have shown that type 2 diabetes mellitus increases the risk of liver, pancreatic, endometrial, gallbladder, colorectal and breast cancers. Hyperglycemia can promote cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion and immune escape through a variety of direct and indirect mechanisms. Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia can activate multiple signal transduction pathways through insulin/IGF-I signaling axis and promote tumorigenesis. Sustained chronic inflammatory responses can promote the development of cancer through DNA damage and pro-inflammatory factors. Gut microbiome dysbiosis is closely related to the occurrence of several gastrointestinal tumors. This paper reviews the progress on the correlation between type 2 diabetes mellitus and the progression of malignant tumors and the possible mechanisms.