体质辨识在社区高血压管理中的应用

高血压是一种常见的社区慢性病，其发病率高、危害性大。高血压有效防治和管理的重心集中在社区慢性病管理中。中医传统的体质学说阐明了各种体质与疾病发生、发展的内在联系。众多调查研究发现高血压患者的发病、病情变化和疾病转归与其本身的体质有着非常密切的关系。因此，本文首先阐述了体质因素与高血压发生、发展的联系，汇总目前多数调查研究结果发现，痰湿质、阴虚质为高血压患者最常见的偏颇体质。其次，分析目前社区高血压管理模式现状的中存在的主要问题和不足:缺乏有效、科学、合理的防治，缺乏“个体化”管理。重点对目前中医体质辨识在我国社区高血压管理中的应用现状和结果进行分析，从而阐明体质辨识对社区高血压管理的重要意义。最后，说明了目前体质辨识应用于社区高血压管理和未来要健全这种模式可能存在的主要问题:缺乏政策支持、信息化标准化手段及中医人才匮乏等，并提出了需要解决和探讨的问题。由此阐明:中医的体质对高血压的发病及发展具有重要影响，根据中医体质学理论，利用体质辨识，采用中医适宜技术，及时纠正偏颇体质，将对延缓高血压病情的发生和发展，防止靶器官损害的发生具有一定的作用，中医体质管理为未来社区高血压的防控管理提供了新思路。 

Application of constitution identification in community hypertension management

Hypertension is a common chronic disease in the community, which has high incidence rate and risk. The focus of effective prevention and management of hypertension is on community chronic disease management. The traditional constitution theory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) clarifies the internal relationship between various constitutions and the occurrence and development of diseases. Many investigations have found that the incidence, disease changes and disease outcomes of patients with hypertension are closely related to their own constitution. Therefore, this paper first expounds the relationship between physical factors and the occurrence and development of hypertension and summarises the results of most current investigations and studies. Phlegm dampness and yin deficiency are the most common biased constitution of patients with hypertension. Secondly, the study analyses the main problems and deficiencies in the current situation of community hypertension management mode: lack of effective, scientific and reasonable prevention and treatment and lack of "individualised" management. This paper focuses on the application status and results of TCM constitution identification in community hypertension management in China, so as to clarify the significance of constitution identification in community hypertension management. Finally, the main problems of applying constitution identification to community hypertension management and perfecting this model in the future are explained, such as lack of policy support, information standardisation means and lack of TCM talents. Moreover, the problems that need to be solved and discussed are put forward. Conclusion: the constitution of TCM has an important impact on the incidence and development of hypertension. According to the theory of constitution of TCM, the use of constitution identification, appropriate technology of TCM and timely correction of biased constitution will play a certain role in delaying the occurrence and development of hypertension and preventing the occurrence of target organ damage. The constitution management of TCM provides a reference for the prevention and control of hypertension.