海南省城乡中小学生近视现况及其差异性分析

目的 了解海南省城乡中小学生近视现状，探讨近视影响因素的城乡差异性，为进一步精准分级防控青少年近视提供科学理论依据。方法 于2019年10—11月采用多阶段抽样方法在全省18个市县选取31所中小学的13 193名学生，对其进行视力检查、屈光检查和问卷调查。利用多水平Logistic模型分析城乡中小学生近视的影响因素。结果 海南省城乡中小学生整体近视率为52.49%,其中城市近视率为56.57%,高于农村的49.04%(χ²=74.366,P<0.001);近视存在学校聚集性，多水平模型拟合结果显示，在城市学生中，女生(OR=1.762,95%CI:1.494～2.079)、年龄大(OR=1.181,95%CI:1.062～1.312)、上学日放学后静坐学习时长≥2 h(OR=1.188,95%CI:1.032～1.367)和周末看电子产品时长≥1 h(OR=1.207,95%CI:1.028～1.418)的近视风险相对较高(均P<0.05);在农村学生中，女生(OR=1.724,95%CI:1.499～1.983)、年龄大(OR=1.198,95%CI...

Current status of myopia and its differences between urban and rural primary and middle school students in Hainan Province

Objective To investigate the current situation of myopia among primary and middle school students in urban and rural areas of Hainan Province, and to explore the differences in factors influencing myopia between urban and rural areas so as to provide a scientifical and theoretical basis for further precise grading prevention and control of youth myopia. Methods A multi-stage sampling method was used to select 13,193 students from 31 primary and middle schools in 18 cities and counties of the province from October to November 2019. Vision examination, refractive examination and questionnaire survey were conducted. Multi-level Logistic model was used to analyze the factors influencing myopia among the students. Results The overall myopia rate in the students in Hainan Province was 52.49%, and the myopia rate was higher in urban areas than in rural areas (56.57% vs. 49.04%, χ²=74.366, P<0.001). There was school clustering in myopia. The results of multi-level model fitting revealed that among urban students, the risk of myopia was relatively high in girls (OR=1.762, 95%CI:1.494-2.079), older students (OR=1.181, 95%CI:1.062-1.312), students with duration of sedentary study after school on school day ≥ 2 hours (OR=1.188, 95%CI:1.032-1.367), and students using electronic devices on the weekend ≥ 1 h (OR=1.207, 95%CI:1.028-1.418) (all P<0.05). Among rural students, the risk of myopia was higher in girls (OR=1.724, 95%CI:1.499-1.983), older students (OR=1.198, 95%CI:1.123-1.279) and students with duration of sedentary study on the weekend ≥ 2 hours(OR=1.195, 95%CI:1.078-1.325)(all P<0.05). The longer the sleep time, the relatively lower the risk (OR=0.887, 95%CI:0.822-0.957, P<0.05). Conclusion The myopia rate of the primary and middle school students in Hainan Province was relatively low, and there were differences between urban and rural areas. It is necessary to strengthen home-school cooperation in terms of homework, time spent using electronic devices and sleep time, and practically and effectively intensify myopia prevention and control.