非侵入性脑刺激技术对弱视治疗的研究进展

弱视是一种视觉系统发育障碍性疾病，若不及时诊断并适时干预，可造成患者永久性视力损伤。目前，临床上主要采用屈光矫正联合遮盖疗法治疗弱视，但是存在部分患者依从性差且治疗效果会随着年龄增长而下降的现象。因此寻找新的治疗方案迫在眉睫。非侵入性脑刺激技术是指通过电场或磁场作用于大脑，从而调节皮层兴奋性，诱导神经可塑性的技术。其广泛应用于神经疾病（如脑卒中、抑郁、癫痫等），具有安全无创、使用便捷、不良反应轻等特点，近年来逐渐被应用于治疗弱视尤其是成年弱视。本文就近年来国内、国际有关非侵入性脑刺激技术对弱视治疗的研究进展进行综述，以期为临床眼科医师和研究人员提供弱视治疗的新思路。

Research progress in the effects of non-invasive brain stimulation techniques on amblyopia

Amblyopia is a developmental disorder of the visual system that can cause permanent visual impairment if not diagnosed and intervened in a timely manner. Currently, amblyopia is mainly treated with refractive correction combined with masking therapy, but some patients have poor compliance and the treatment effect decreases with age. Therefore, it is urgent to find new therapies. Non-invasive brain stimulation is a technique that modulates cortical excitability and induces neuroplasticity by applying an electric or magnetic field to the brain. Featuring safety, non-invasiveness, ease of use, and mild adverse effects, it has been widely used in the treatment of neurological diseases (e.g., stroke, depression, and epilepsy) and has been gradually applied to the treatment of amblyopia, especially in adults, in recent years. This article reviews the recent progress in non-invasive brain stimulation techniques for amblyopia treatment, aiming to provide new ideas for clinical ophthalmologists and researchers to treat amblyopia.