疫情风险感知对生命质量的影响:有调节的中介效应

目的 探讨在新冠肺炎疫情期间,公众疫情风险感知和急性应激反应程度对生命质量影响的内部机制,为改善突发公共卫生事件中公众健康状况提供理论依据。 方法 于2021年初新冠肺炎疫情短暂暴发期(2021年2月3—10日),以新冠肺炎疫情风险感知评估量表、斯坦福急性应激反应问卷、修正版自我领导力问卷和世界卫生组织生存质量测定量表简表进行网络调查,累计获得样本3 098人。 结果 疫情风险感知对生命质量的负向预测作用显著(β=-0.48,t=-10.76,P<0.001),且放入中介变量后,疫情风险感知对生命质量的负向预测依然显著(β=-0.25,t=-5.68,P<0.001)。急性应激反应程度在公众疫情风险感知与生命质量的关系中起部分中介作用,中介效应占总效应的48.36%,自我领导力与急性应激反应程度的交互项(β=0.001,t=2.068,P<0.05)显著预测生命质量。 结论 急性应激反应程度和自我领导力水平在公众的疫情风险感知与生命质量的关系中分别存在中介和调节效应。可以通过调节内在心理机制,合理感知疫情风险,在突发公共卫生事件中维持并提高公众健康水平。

Effect of epidemic risk perception on quality of life: moderated mediating effect

Objective To explore the internal mechanism of impact of public epidemic risk perception and acute stress reaction on quality of life (QOL) during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to provide a theoretical basis for improving public health in public health emergencies. Methods Perceived Risk of COVID-19 Pandemic Scale, Stanford Acute Stress Reaction Questionnaire, Revised Self-leadership Questionnaire and World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF were used to conduct an online questionnaire survey during the short outbreak of COVID-19 in early 2021 (from February 3 to 10, 2021), and a total of 3,098 samples were collected accumulatively. Results The negative predictive effect of epidemic risk perception on QOL was significant (β=-0.48, t=-10.76, P<0.001). Moreover, the negative prediction of epidemic risk perception on QOL was still significant after the intermediary variable was added (β=-0.25, t=-5.68, P<0.001). The degree of acute stress response partially mediated the relationship between public epidemic risk perception and QOL, and the mediating effect accounted for 48.36% of the total effects. The interaction between self-leadership and acute stress response had a significant effect on the prediction of QOL β=0.001, t=2.068, P<0.05). Conclusion The degree of acute stress response and self-leadership had mediating and moderating effects on the relationship between public epidemic risk perception and QOL, respectively. We can reasonably perceive the risk of epidemic through adjusting the internal psychological mechanism so as to maintain and improve the public health status in public health emergencies.