2017—2020年松滋市手足口病流行病学特征分析

目的 了解2017—2020年松滋市手足口病流行病学特征,提出防控建议。 方法 收集2017—2020年松滋市手足口病病例信息、病原学监测资料以及聚集性疫情信息并分析。 结果 2017—2020年松滋市手足口病报告病例2 992例,5岁以下病例占病例总数92.75%;松滋市手足口病发病呈明显季节性,每年4—7月和11月至次年1月为两个发病高峰。报告聚集性疫情46起,均发生在幼托机构,以乡镇托幼机构为主。研究期间哨点医院累计采样检测246例,阳性率80.66%,病原学以其他肠道病毒185例(75.20%)、Cox A16型53例(21.54%)为主;2019—2020年横断面调查结果累计采样检测817例,阳性743例,阳性率90.94%,其中EV71型1例(0.12%),Cox A16型295例(36.11%)、Cox A6型259例(31.70%),Cox A10型33例(4.04%),其他肠道通用病毒型155例(18.97%)。 结论 手足口病报告发病数连续4年呈周期性波动,发病人群中以5岁以内的儿童为主。托幼机构应严格落实手足口病相关防控工作,加强幼托儿童手卫生健康宣教,有效控制疾病的流行。

Epidemiological characteristics of hand,foot and mouth disease in Songzi City, 2017-2020

Objective To understand the epidemiological features of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in Songzi City from 2017 to 2020, and to put forward prevention and control suggestions. Methods Case information, etiological surveillance data and aggregated epidemic information about HFMD in Songzi City during 2017-2020 were collected and analyzed. Results From 2017 to 2020, 2,992 cases of HFMD were reported in Songzi City, and the cases under 5 years old accounted for 92.75% of the total cases. The incidence of HFMD in Songzi City showed obvious seasonality, with two peaks from April to July and from November to January of the next year. 46 clusters were reported, all of which occurred in child-care institutions, mainly in rural nurseries. 246 cases were accumulatively sampled and detected in sentinel hospitals during the study period, with a positive rate of 80.66%. The main pathogens were other enterovirus (75.20%, 185/246) and Cox A16 (21.54%, 53/246). The results of cross-sectional survey in 2019-2020 displayed that 817 cases were accumulatively sampled and detected, and 743 were positive, with a positive rate of 90.94%, including 1 case of EV71 (0.12%), 295 cases of Cox A16 (36.11%), 259 cases of Cox A6 (31.70%), 33 cases of Cox A10 (4.04%) and 155 cases of other common enteric viruses (18.97%). Conclusion The reported incidence of HFMD fluctuated periodically for 4 consecutive years, and children under 5 years old were the main incidence group. Kindergartens should strictly implement the relevant prevention and control regulations of HFMD and strengthen health education about hand hygiene in preschoolers so as to effectively control the epidemic of HFMD.