四川民族地区中学生心理健康现况及影响因素研究

目的 了解四川省民族地区中学生心理健康现况及影响因素。方法 采用中学生心理健康量表对四川省凉山州地区860名中学生的心理健康状况进行测量，分析该地区中学生心理健康状况的影响因素。结果 该民族地区44.19%的中学生存在心理问题，居前五位的心理问题分别是学习压力(48.37%)、情绪波动(47.67%)、焦虑(46.98%)、强迫症状(45.42%)、抑郁(43.37%)。多因素分析结果表明：学习成绩好、与父母联系频率高对中学生多个维度的心理健康具有保护作用(P<0.05);汉族学生相对于少数民族学生易出现适应不良问题(P<0.05);男生相对于女生易出现心理不平衡问题(P<0.05);初中生相对于高中生易出现偏执、心理不平衡问题(P<0.05);独生子女的情绪不稳定问题高于非独生子女(P<0.05);父亲学历较高的中学生相对容易出现强迫症状、焦虑及情绪不稳定问题(P<0.05)。结论 四川民族地区中学生的心理健康问题不容乐观，学习压力问题居首位；中学生的心理健康状况受多个因素影响，家长与子女的沟通交流对中学生的心理健康至关重要。

Current status and influencing factors of mental health among middle school students in minority areas of Sichuan Province

Objective To understand the current status of mental health and its influencing factors among middle school students in minority areas of Sichuan Province. Methods Middle School Student Mental Health Scale (MSSMHS) was used to measure the mental health status of 860 middle school students in Liangshan Prefecture of Sichuan Province, and the factors influencing the students’ mental health status were analyzed. Results Mental health problems were identified in 44.19% of the middle school students in this minority area, and the top five mental health problems were learning pressure (48.37%), emotional volatility (47.67%), anxiety (46.98%), obsessive-compulsive symptoms (45.42%) and depression (43.37%). The results of multivariate analysis showed that good academic performance and high frequency of contact with parents had protective effects on multiple dimensions of mental health in the middle school students (P<0.05). Compared with minority students, Han students tended to have maladaptive problems (P<0.05). Compared with girls, boys were more prone to psychological imbalance (P<0.05). Compared with senior high school students, junior middle school students were more likely to have bigotry and psychological imbalance (P<0.05). The emotional instability was higher in the only children than in the non-only children (P<0.05). Middle school students whose fathers had higher educational background were more prone to obsessional symptoms, anxiety and emotional instability (P<0.05). Conclusion Mental health problems of the middle school students in minority areas of Sichuan Province are not optimistic, and learning pressure is the number one issue. The middle school students’ mental health is influenced by multiple factors, and communication between parents and children is crucially important to the middle school students’ mental health.