上海某区学龄期儿童家庭功能现状及其影响因素研究

目的调查学龄期儿童家庭功能现状,探索相关影响因素,为学龄期儿童身心健康发展提供相关策略支持和指导。方法通过简单随机抽样选取上海某区四所小学,按照班级进行整群抽样,对抽取的1124名学生家长进行社会人口学信息、家庭亲密度与适应性量表调查。调查学龄期儿童的家庭基本状况和家庭功能。结果此次调查显示学龄期儿童家庭适应性得分(48.31±8.43)分,家庭亲密度得分(71.62±10.33)分;父亲受教育程度、父亲周末照看孩子的时间、家庭人均月收入、母亲周末照看孩子的时间、及是否留守儿童与儿童家庭适应性得分显著相关(P<0.05);父亲周末照看孩子的时间、家庭人均月收入、父亲受教育程度、母亲周末照看孩子时间、家庭类型及留守儿童与家庭亲密度得分显著相关(P<0.05)。结论学龄期儿童家庭功能影响因素较多,在针对儿童身心健康制定相应策略支持时应综合考虑家庭环境因素,特别是对特殊家庭功能的儿童进行重点干预。

Current status of family function and its influencing factors among school-aged children in a certain district of Shanghai

Objective To investigate the current status of school-aged children’s family function, to explore its related influencing factors, and to provide relative strategy supports and guidance for physical and mental health of school-aged children.Methods Four primary schools in a certain district of Shanghai were selected by simple random sampling.A cluster sampling was conducted based on classes, and 1,124 parents selected were surveyed by sociodemographic information questionnaire and Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale. The school-aged children’s family conditions and their family function were investigated. Results This survey displayed that the scores of family adaptability and family intimacy in the school-aged children were (48.31±8.43) and (71.62±10.33), respectively. Fathers’ education level, fathers’ time to take care of children on weekends, per capita monthly income of family, mothers’ time to take care of children on weekends, and being a left-behind child or not were significantly correlated with the children’s family adaptability score (P<0.05). Fathers’ time to take care of children on weekends, per capita monthly income of family, fathers’ education level, mothers’ time to take care of children on weekends, family type, and left-behind children were significantly correlated with the score of family intimacy (P<0.05). Conclusion There are many factors affecting family function of the school-aged children. Family environment factors should be taken into consideration when developing corresponding strategies for children’s physical and mental health, especially the priority intervention on children with special family function.