免疫检查点抑制剂相关肺炎研究进展

随着癌症生物学和发病机制研究的不断深入，免疫检查点抑制剂（ICIs）得以问世，为晚期肿瘤患者带来了新的生存希望，从而开启了癌症免疫治疗的新时代，但随着免疫治疗在临床上的广泛应用，免疫相关不良事件（irAEs）也逐渐显现出来，并广泛为一线临床医师所熟知。免疫检查点抑制剂可激活T细胞攻击体内的正常组织和器官，并导致多种不良反应。而免疫检查点抑制剂相关肺炎（CIP）是irAEs中较为罕见且预后较差的并发症之一。本文参考目前国内外相关文献，就部分ICIs的治疗机制及CIP的发病率、危险因素、发生机制、临床表现、影像学表现与CIP的分级及治疗管理作一综述。

Recent Advances in Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-associated Pneumonitis

With the research progress on the biology and pathogenesis of cancer, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have come into being, bringing a new hope for the survival of patients with advanced cancer and opening a new era of cancer immunotherapy. However, with the wide application of immunotherapy in clinical practice, ICI-related adverse events (irAEs) have gradually emerged and are widely known by firstline clinicians. ICIs primarily activate T cells that can attack normal tissues and organs in the body and cause a variety of adverse reactions. Checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis (CIP) is one of the rare complications with poor prognosis in irAEs. This article reviews the therapeutic mechanism of some ICIs; the incidence, risk factors, pathogenesis, and clinical and imaging manifestations of CIP; and the classification and treatment management of CIP.