新冠肺炎疫情下公众风险感知对防控行为的影响:一个有调节的中介模型

目的 探索新冠肺炎流行期间公众风险感知对防控行为的作用机制,考察情绪的中介作用和疾病认知的调节作用。 方法 借助问卷星平台在全国范围内开展网络调查,通过相关分析和中介效应分析探究公众风险感知、情绪和防控行为之间的关系,并采用bootstrap检验分析疾病认知的调节作用。 结果 本研究共收集有效问卷10 846份。相关分析结果显示,公众的风险感知和防控行为之间存在显著的正向影响(P<0.05),情绪和防控行为之间存在显著的负向影响(P<0.05)。风险感知、情绪、疾病认知、防控行为四者之间构成了有调节的中介模型,情绪作为风险感知和防控行为的中介变量,其中介效应对总效应的贡献率为28.75%。调节效应分析结果显示,疾病认知对风险感知和情绪的调节效应显著(β=-0.06,t=-5.28,P<0.001),对风险感知和防控行为的调节效应也显著(β=0.26,t=25.05,P<0.001)。 结论 焦虑、神经衰弱等症状会对公众防控行为造成负面影响,认知过程可以对人的情绪进行控制和调节,对情绪变化起主导作用,因此情绪引导可以从改变认知开始。通过加强正面宣传引导,缓解公众情绪,提高疾病认知水平,可以有效引导公众及时采取有效防控行为。

Impact of public risk perception on prevention and control behavior under the COVID-19 epidemic: a moderated mediation model

Objective To explore the mechanism of public risk perception on prevention and control behavior during the COVID-19 epidemic, and to investigate the mediating role of emotion and disease cognition. Methods A nationwide network survey was conducted by using the questionnaire star platform. Correlation analysis and mediating effect analysis were used to explore the relationships among public risk perception, emotion and prevention and control behavior. The moderating effect of disease cognition was analyzed by bootstrap test. Results A total of 10,846 valid questionnaires were collected in this study. Correlation analysis results showed that there was a significant positive effect between risk perception and prevention and control behavior (P<0.05), and a significant negative effect between emotion and prevention and control behavior (P<0.05). Risk perception, emotion, disease cognition and prevention and control behavior constituted a moderated mediating model. As the mediating variable of risk perception and prevention and control behavior, emotion contributed 28.75% to the total mediating effect. The results of regulatoryeffect analysis displayed that the regulatory effects of disease cognition on risk perception and emotion were significant (β=-0.06, t=-5.28, P<0.001), and the regulatory effects on risk perception and prevention and control behavior were also significant (β=0.26, t=25.05, P<0.001). Conclusion Anxiety, neurasthenia and other symptoms will have negative impacts on public prevention and control behavior. The cognitive process can control and regulate people's emotions and play a leading role in emotional changes. Therefore, emotional guidance can start from changing cognition. By strengthening positive publicity and guidance, alleviating public sentiment and improving disease awareness, the public can be effectively guided to take effective prevention and control behavior in a timely manner.