南京市溧水区学龄前儿童睡眠状况及其对情绪与行为问题的影响

目的 探讨南京市溧水区学龄前儿童睡眠质量和情绪与行为的关系。 方法 2020年6—8月基于分层随机抽样,对南京市溧水区6个幼儿园的307名儿童进行研究,通过问卷调查采集儿童的基本信息和睡眠状况;采用长处和困难问卷(Strength and Difficulty Questionnaire, SDQ)了解儿童的情绪和行为问题发生情况,并用多因素logistic回归分析睡眠问题对儿童情绪及行为问题的影响。 结果 307名研究对象中,睡眠障碍者95名(30.94%),起床时间在7:00后、就寝时间在21:00后、夜间睡眠时间<8 h者分别有233名(75.90%)、169名(55.05%)、104名(33.88%);SDQ困难总分(>17分)有29名(9.45%);有睡眠障碍、就寝时间在21:00后及睡眠时间<8 h的学龄前儿童困难总分(>17分)检出率较高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归结果显示:睡眠障碍 (OR=3.613, 95%CI:1.217~6.314, P=0.013)、就寝时间晚于21:00(OR=1.611, 95%CI:1.031~2.467, P=0.038)、睡眠时间<8 h (OR=1.238, 95%CI:1.136~2.691, P=0.006)是学龄前儿童发生情绪及行为问题的独立危险因素。 结论 睡眠障碍、就寝时间晚于21:00和夜间睡眠时间<8 h增加儿童情绪行为问题的发生风险,特别是多动的发生,提示家长应为儿童创造良好的睡眠环境与成长环境,对促进儿童身心健康成长具有重要意义。

Sleep status and its impact on emotional and behavioral problems among preschool children in Lishui District,Nanjing

Objective To explore the relationship of sleep quality with mood and behavior among preschoolers in Lishui District of Nanjing. Methods From June to August, 2020, 307 children from 6 kindergartensin Lishui District of Nanjing were selected based on stratified random sampling. The children’s general information and sleep status were collected by a questionnairesurvey. The Strength and Difficulty Questionnaire (SDQ) was used to investigate the children’s emotional and behavioralproblems, and multivariant logistic regression was employed to analyze the impact of sleep problems on children’s emotional and behavioral problems. Results About 30.94% of the preschool children (95/307) had sleep disorders. The detection rates of preschool children awake after 7:00 am, with bedtime later than 21:00 pm, and with night sleep time < 8 hours were 75.90% (233/307), 55.05% (169/307), and 33.88% (104/307), respectively. 9.45% (29/307) of the preschoolers had SDQ total difficulty score > 17. The detection rate of SDQ total difficulty score > 17 was higher in preschool children awake after 7:00 am, with bedtime later than 21:00 pm, and with night sleep time < 8 hours, showing statistically significant differences (P<0.05). Results of multivariant logistic regression showed that sleep disorders (OR=3.613, 95%CI:1.217-6.314, P=0.013), bedtime later than 21:00 pm (OR=1.611, 95%CI:1.031-2.467, P=0.038) and sleep time < 8 hours (OR=1.238, 95%CI:1.136-2.691, P=0.006) were the independent risk factors affecting occurrence of emotional and behavioral problems among thepreschoolers. Conclusion Sleep disorders, bedtime later than 21:00 pm and night sleep time < 8 hours increase the risk ofoccurrence of emotional and behavioral problems in the preschoolers, especially the occurrence of hyperactivity. The results indicate that parents should create a good environment for sleeping and growth of the preschoolers, which is of great significance to promote the healthy development of their body and mind.