光生物调节加速脑组织间液引流及其机制

目的：探讨光生物调节(photobiomodulation, PBM)对脑组织间液(interstitial fluid, ISF)引流的影响，为PBM治疗阿尔兹海默病(Alzheimer’s disease)提供新的解释。方法：24只SD雄性大鼠随机分为PBM组(n=12)、假PBM组(n=6)及空白对照组(n=6),其中PBM组根据磁示踪分子探针注射部位的不同又分为PBM同侧示踪组(n=6)和PBM对侧示踪组(n=6)。PBM组和假PBM组大鼠在脑尾状核区ISF引流到达的额叶皮层区对应的颅骨上微创暴露硬膜；PBM组使用630 nm光纤(5～6 mW/cm²)按照每次光照5 min,暂停2 min的方式，总共照射5次；假PBM组于相同位置使用光纤但不打开电源，保持相同时间；空白对照组不进行任何操作。PBM结束后，将示踪分子探针注射到每组大鼠的尾状核区，之后利用磁示踪技术根据探针分子的扩散和分布，观察大鼠尾状核区ISF引流的变化规律，并使用细胞外间隙(extracellular space, ECS)扩散参数图像(diffusion rate in ECS-map...

Epidural photobiomodulation accelerates the drainage of brain interstitial fluid and its mechanism

Objective: To evaluate the effect of photobiomodulation (PBM) on the drainage of brain interstitial fluid (ISF) and to investigate the possible mechanism of the positive effect of PBM on Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods: Twenty-four SD male rats were randomly divided into PBM group (n=12), sham PBM group (n=6), and negative control group (n=6). According to the injection site of tracer, the PBM group was further divided into PBM-ipsilateral traced group (n=6) and PBM-contralateral traced group (n=6). Rats in the PBM group and the sham PBM group were exposed to the dura minimally invasively on the skull corresponding to the frontal cortical area reached by ISF drainage from caudate nucleus region. The PBM group was irradiated by using 630 nm red light (5-6 mW/cm²), following an irradiation of 5 min with a 2 min pause, and a total of 5 times; the sham PBM group was kept in the same position for the same time using the light without power. The negative control group was kept without any measure. After PBM, tracer was injected into caudate nucleus of each group. The changes of ISF drainage in caudate nucleus were observed according to the diffusion and distribution of tracer molecule by tracer-based magnetic resonance imaging, and the structural changes of brain extracellular space (ECS) were analyzed by diffusion rate in ECS-mapping (D_ECS-mapping) technique. Finally, parameters reflecting the structure of brain ECS and the drainage of ISF were obtained: volume fraction (α), tortuo-sity (λ), half-life (T_1/2), and D_ECS. The differences of parameters among different groups were compared to analyze the effect of PBM on brain ECS and ISF. One-Way ANOVA post hoc tests and independent sample t test were used for statistical analysis. Results: The parameters including T_1/2, D_ECS, and λ were significantly different among the PBM-ipsilateral traced group, the PBM-contralateral traced group, and the sham PBM group (F=79.286, P < 0.001; F=13.458, P < 0.001; F=10.948, P=0.001), while there was no difference in the parameter α of brain ECS among the three groups (F=1.217, P=0.324). Compared with the sham PBM group and the PBM-contralateral traced group, the PBM-ipsilateral traced group had a significant decrease in the parameter T_1/2 [(45.45±6.76) min vs. (76.01±3.44) min, P < 0.001; (45.45±6.76) min vs. (78.07±4.27) min, P < 0.001], representing a significant acceleration of ISF drainage; the PBM-ipsilateral traced group had a significant increase in the parameter D_ECS [(4.51±0.77)×10^-4 mm²/s vs. (3.15±0.44)×10^-4 mm²/s, P < 0.001; (4.51±0.77)×10^-4 mm²/s vs. (3.01±0.38)×10^-4 mm²/s, P < 0.001], representing a significantly increased molecular diffusion rate of in the brain ECS; the PBM-ipsilateral traced group had a significant decrease in the parameter λ (1.51±0.21 vs. 1.85±0.12, P=0.001; 1.51±0.21 vs. 1.89±0.11, P=0.001), representing a significant decrease in the degree of tortuosity in the brain ECS. Conclusion: PBM can regulate the brain ISF drainage actively, which may be one of the potential mechanisms of the effect of PBM therapy on AD. This study provides a new method for enhancing the brain function via ECS pathway.