职业紧张对医护人员慢性病患病风险的影响

目的 调查深圳市龙华区医护人员职业紧张及慢性病患病情况,分析职业紧张对医护人员慢性病患病风险的影响。 方法 以深圳市龙华区公立医疗机构的医护人员为研究对象,采用职业紧张量表修订版和自编制的调查问卷调查研究对象职业紧张的程度及慢性病患病情况,将研究对象按职业紧张程度分组,分析各组间慢性病患病率的差异,使用logistic回归分析职业紧张对慢性病患病风险的影响。 结果 深圳市龙华区医护人员职业任务问卷(Occupational Role Questionnaire,ORQ)及个体应激反应问卷(Personal Stress Questionnaire,PSQ)得分(175.62±23.59)分和(100.65±19.27)分均高于技术人员常模(t值分别为10.787、11.964,P<0.05),个体应对资源问卷(Personal Resource Questionnaire,PRQ)得分(122.75±19.61)分低于技术人员常模 (t=-10.196,P<0.05);慢性病患病率前四位分别是颈腰部疾病(28.15%)、超重和肥胖(26.22%)、高血压(11.70%)和高脂血症(10.28%);随职业紧张程度的增加,颈腰部疾病、超重和肥胖、高血压、消化性溃疡的患病率及患病风险相应增加(P<0.05)。 结论 深圳市龙华区公立医疗机构医护人员职业紧张程度与其慢性病患病率及患病风险相关,有关部门可针对影响因素制定有效的干预措施减轻医护人员职业紧张的程度,预防慢性病的发生,提高医护人员的健康水平。

Impact of occupational stress on the risk of suffering from chronic diseases among medical staff

Objective To investigate the occupational stress and the prevalence of chronic diseases among medical staff in Longhua District of Shenzhen City, and to analyze the influence of occupational stress on the risk of suffering from chronic diseases. Methods Medical professionals of public medical institutions in Longhua District of Shenzhen City were selected as the research subjects. The Occupational Stress Inventory-Revised Edition (OSI-R) and the self-made questionnaire were used to investigate the degree of occupational stress and the prevalence of chronic diseases among the subjects. We divided the subjects into groups according to the degree of occupational stress, and analyzed the differences in the prevalence of chronic diseases among the groups. Logistic regression was used to analyze the impact of occupational stress on the risk of suffering from chronic diseases. Results The scores of Occupational Role Questionnaire (ORQ) (175.62±23.59) and Personal Stress Questionnaire (PSQ)(100.65±19.27) in medical professionals in Longhua District of Shenzhen City were both higher than those of the technician norm (t=10.787, t=11.964, P<0.05). The score of Personal Resources Questionnaire (PRQ) (122.75±19.61) was lower than that of the technician norm (t=-10.196, P<0.05). The top four chronic diseases with higher prevalence rates were cervical and lumbar diseases (28.15%), overweight and obesity (26.22%), hypertension (11.70%) and hyperlipidemia (10.28%). With the increase of occupational stress degree, the prevalence rates of and risk of suffering from cervical and lumbar diseases, overweight and obesity, hypertension and peptic ulcer increased correspondingly (P<0.05). Conclusion The degree of occupational stress is related to the prevalence rates of and risk of suffering from chronic diseases among medical staff in public medical institutions in Longhua District of Shenzhen. Relevant departments should develop targeted intervention measures based on the influencing factors to reduce the occupational stress of medical staff, prevent the occurrence of chronic diseases, and improve their health level.