南京市860名1~6岁儿童口腔微生物与肠道菌群构成差异分析

目的: 探讨南京市1~6岁儿童口腔微生物与肠道菌群的构成差异。方法: 选择860名符合纳入标准的1~6岁儿童,采集唾液和粪便标本各860份,采用PCR扩增和高通量测序,对细菌的遗传物质进行分析,对结果进行生物信息学分析,比较口腔和肠道微生物菌群的构成差异。采用SPSS 20.0软件包对结果进行统计学分析。结果: 在门水平上,口腔中占比超过10%的微生物包括拟杆菌门（39.98%）、变形菌门（25.32%）和厚壁菌门（21.78%）;而在肠道微生物中,占比超过10%的菌种为厚壁菌门（45.21%）和拟杆菌门（37.21%）。在属水平上,口腔中排名前三位的微生物分别为普雷沃菌属（26.11%）、奈瑟菌属（12.39%）和卟啉单胞菌（10.13%）。肠道微生物中,占比最高的为拟杆菌属（20.11%）,其次为普雷沃菌属（9.13%）和栖粪杆菌属（5.13%）。口腔和肠道微生物多样性存在显著的α和β差异。结论: 拟杆菌门和变形菌门在口腔中占比较高,而厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门在肠道中占比较高。口腔和肠道微生物在构成种属和丰度上存在显著差异。

Differences between oral and intestinal microorganisms of 860 children aged 1-6 years in Nanjing city

PURPOSE: To explore the differences between oral and intestinal microorganisms of 860 children aged 1-6 years in Nanjing city. METHODS: Eight hundred and sixty children aged 1-6 years who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled. 860 saliva samples and equivalent stool samples were collected. Microbial DNA was extracted and amplified using PCR. High-throughput sequencing was performed using Miseq sequencer, and bioinformatics analysis was performed to compare the differences of oral and intestinal microflora. SPSS 20.0 software package was used to perform the statistical analysis. RESULTS: At phylum level, Bacteroidetes (39.98%), Proteobacteria (25.32%) and Firmicutes (21.78%) were the most common microbes in oral cavity, while Firmicutes (45.21%) and Bacteroidetes (37.21%) were the most abundant microbes in the gut. At genus level, the top three microbes in the oral cavity included Prevotella(26.11%), Neisseria (12.39%), Porphyromonas(10.13%), while the top three microbes in the gut included Bacteroidetes(20.11%), Prevotella (9.13%), and Faecalibacterium (5.13%). There were significant alpha and beta differences in oral and intestinal microbial diversity. CONCLUSIONS: Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria are the dominant species in the oral cavity, while Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes are the dominant species in the gut. There are significant differences in species composition and abundance between oral and intestinal microorganisms.