多原发癌合并肾癌的治疗及预后

目的: 探讨多原发癌合并肾癌的治疗及预后，并进行风险分层。方法: 回顾性研究两个中心的27例多原发癌合并肾癌资料，包括多原发癌的病种及具体治疗方法、各原发癌的间隔时间等，同时随访生存情况，包括复发、转移及存活情况，进行统计学分析。其中两种原发癌的间隔时间在6个月以内为同时性多原发癌，6个月以上为异时性多原发癌。对病例进行简单的风险分层：多原发癌中只要有一种恶性肿瘤分期在Ⅲ期及以上者定义为高风险，否则为低风险。结果: 本组27例患者中，男20例，女7例。第一原发癌(首发癌)年龄42~82岁，平均(61.3±11.7)岁；发现肾癌时年龄43~87岁，平均(66.0±11.3)岁。首发癌与第二原发癌中位间隔时间18个月(0~360个月)。27例患者中二重癌21例，三重癌4例，四重癌2例；异时性多原发癌17例，同时性多原发癌10例。肾癌合并的多原发癌中以累及泌尿系统、消化系统和呼吸系统最为常见，具体为膀胱癌、肺癌、结肠癌。从最后一种原发癌开始计算的中位随访时间为32个月(2~156个月)，有14例存活，死亡的13例中有11例与肿瘤相关。肿瘤分期是预后的影响因素，有一种肿瘤分期在Ⅲ期及以上者(高风险组)预后相对较差。结论: 多原发癌合并肾癌相对少见，治疗过程中应对各肿瘤进行标准化治疗，预后主要取决于各肿瘤中分期最高者，简单风险分层显示高风险组预后更差，此种分层方法可能对预测预后有一定帮助。

Treatment and prognosis of multiple primary malignant neoplasms complicated with renal cell carcinoma

Objective: To investigate the treatment and prognosis of multiple primary malignant neoplasms (MPMN) complicated with renal cell carcinoma (RCC), and to make risk stratification. Methods: A retrospective study of 27 cases of MPMN with RCC in two centers, including the different tumors of MPMN, specific treatment methods, and the interval between primary cancers. At the same time, the survival conditions, including recurrence, metastasis and survival, were followed up for statistical analysis. The interval between the two kinds of primary cancer within 6 months was simultaneous MPMNs, and more than 6 months was metachronous MPMNs. For simple risk stratification of cases, as long as one of the MPMNs had a stage Ⅲ or higher malignancy, which was defined as high risk. Results: Among the 27 patients, 20 were male and 7 were female, with age at the time of diagnosis was 42-82 years, with an average age of (61.3±11.7) years. The age at the diagnosis of renal cancer was 43-87 years, with an average age of (66.0±11.3) years. There were 21 cases with duplex primary malignant neoplasms, 4 cases with triple primary malignant neoplasms, and 2 cases with quadruple primary malignant neoplasms. The interval between first cancer and second cancer was 0-360 months, with a median of 18 months. There were 17 cases of metachronous multiple primary malignant neoplasms and 10 cases of simultaneous multiple primary malignant neoplasms. The most common system of MPMN with comorbid RCC involved urologic system, digestive system and respiratory system. The most common locations of MPMN with comorbid RCC were bladder cancer, lung cancer and colon cancer. Follow-up time calcu- lated from the last cancer was 2-156 months, with a median of 32 months. And 14 cases survived and 13 cases died, with 11 cases being tumor related. Tumor stage was the risk factor of prognosis. Any kind of tumor stage in stage Ⅲ or above had a relatively poor prognosis. Conclusion: MPMN complicated with RCC is relatively rare. Standard treatment should be used for each cancer type during the treatment process. The prognosis mainly depends on the highest stage of each tumor. Simple risk stratification shows that the prognosis of the high-risk group is worse. This simple stratification method may be helpful to predict the prognosis.