重庆社会文化因素对MSM人群性角色和性取向认同影响的定性研究

目的 分析重庆地域社会文化因素对男男性接触人群(men who have sex with men, MSM)性取向认同和性角色的影响,进而探讨性角色与MSM人群HIV高感染风险的关联。 方法 在2020年采用定性访谈的方法,依托当地从事MSM干预的社会组织招募符合要求的30名MSM人群进行个人深入访谈。 结果 访谈发现,重庆MSM人群对其性取向有较好自我认同感,告知他人性取向时最顾虑家人感受,性角色为被插入方或兼有者相对更可能告知父母。大部分访谈对象认为重庆MSM性角色被插入方的比例较高,可能跟重庆人体型小皮肤好、女性地位高、接受多元文化等有关,也使得性角色被插入方的自我认同度增高。重庆公众对同性恋现象的包容度较强,城市的包容开放受移民文化、经济发展等因素影响,但也受一定传统文化的制约。MSM的社区亚文化,如追求性自由的享乐、道德规范较弱、新型毒品的使用使得不同性角色都面临感染HIV的高风险。 结论 重庆社会文化因素对MSM性角色的选择有一定影响,充分考虑社会文化因素无疑会有效推进艾滋病防控工作。

A qualitative study about the influence of sociocultural factors on sexual roles and sexual orientation identity among MSM in Chongqing

Objective To analyze the impacts of geographic, social and cultural factors on sexual orientation identity and sexual role among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Chongqing so as to explore the correlation of sexual role with the high risk of HIV infection among MSM. Methods In 2020, a qualitative interview method was used to recruit 30 MSM who met the requirements through local social organizations engaged in MSM intervention for individual in-depth interviews. Results The interviews displayed that the MSM in Chongqing well recognized their sexual orientation. They were most concerned about their family feelings when disclosing their sexual orientation, and those with receptive or versatile role were more likely to tell the real orientation to their parents. Most interviewees believed that the proportion of MSM playing the receptive sex role in Chongqing was high, which might be related to Chongqing people's small body size, good skin, high female status and multicultural acceptance, and also made the receptive sex roles' self-identity increase. There was strong social tolerance towards homosexuality in Chongqing. The inclusiveness and openness of Chongqing were influenced by its immigration culture and economic development transition, but limited by its traditional conservative culture towards sex. Some relevant sub-culture in MSM community, including indulgence in sex freedom, poor ethics and new-type drug abuse put both the anal receptive and insertive at a higher risk of HIV infection. Conclusion Social and cultural factors have a certain impact on the selection of sex roles for MSM in Chongqing. Taking social and cultural factors into full consideration will undoubtedly effectively promote HIV/AIDS prevention and control.