广东省44家口腔诊所牙科X射线诊断放射防护现状及常见问题探讨

目的 掌握广东省44家口腔诊所牙科X射线诊断项目放射防护的相关措施，探讨常见问题。方法 根据放射防护三原则及国家有关法律法规和标准规范，结合放射卫生现场调查、放射防护检测等结果，分析放射卫生防护及管理现况。结果 44家诊所56间机房的平面布局（基本）合理；56台设备的防护性能和质量控制检测均符合标准要求；56间机房的周围剂量当量率为本底～1.47μSv/h，能满足国家标准要求；电离辐射警告标志、工作状态指示灯及门灯联锁、自动闭门、通风及个人防护用品等符合率为85.70%～98.20%；口腔影像医师和专（兼）职管理人员的配置、职业健康监护、放射防护相关管理制度及放射卫生档案等符合率为79.5%～100.0%。结论 牙科X射线诊断机房的放射防护及管理现状较好，需出台或健全相关国家法规、标准等，以规范锥形束CT的质量控制检测、口腔诊所场址要求及放射工作人员的配置等。

Current situation and discussion on common problems of radiation protection for dental X-ray diagnostic project in 44 dental clinics in Guangdong Province,China

Objective To analyze the relevant measures of radiation protection for dental X-ray diagnostic projects in 44 dental clinics in Guangdong Province, China, and discuss common problems. Methods Based on the three principles of radiation protection, relevant laws, regulations and standards of the state, combined with field investigations and test results of radiation protection, the situation of radiation protection and management was analyzed. Results The layout of 56 dental diagnostic rooms in 44 clinics was (basically) reasonable. The protective performances and quality control tests of 56 dental X-ray diagnostic machines met the standard requirements, and the dose equivalent rate around 56 dental diagnostic rooms was from the background to 1.47 μSv/h, which met the national standard. The coincidence rates of ionizing radiation warning signs, working status indicator lights and door light interlocks, automatic door closing devices, power ventilation devices, and personal protective equipment were from 85.70% to 98.20%. The compliance rates of dental radiologists and full-time (part-time) administrative staffs, occupational health monitoring, management system related to radiation protection, and radiation health files were from 79.5% to 100.0%. Conclusion The current situation of radiation protection and management in the dental X-ray diagnostic room is good, and relevant national regulations and standards should be promulgated or improved to standardize the cone-beam CT quality control testing, dental clinic location requirements, and radiation staff configuration.