重视不同来源移植细胞在视网膜退行性疾病中的替代治疗作用

视网膜退行性疾病是导致不可逆性视力损害和失明的主要原因之一，尚无有效的治疗方法。细胞疗法因具有替代受损或丧失功能细胞的作用，在视网膜退行性疾病的再生医学中受到广泛关注。不同来源移植细胞的替代治疗在基础研究和临床试验中显示了一定的安全性和有效性，但仍存在伦理、免疫排斥、致瘤性等不足。病变区微环境也影响着移植细胞的存活，使细胞替代治疗的临床应用受到阻碍。随着移植细胞种类增加和移植技术更新，通过重编程、基因修饰、三维培养和生物支架等的应用，视网膜退行性疾病的细胞替代治疗效果得到不断优化。不同学科间交叉合作有效解决了不同来源移植细胞的一些潜在问题，在细胞悬液、细胞膜片和视网膜类器官替代治疗视网膜退行性疾病方面取得显著进展。

Effect of the replacement therapy of transplanted cells from different sources in retinal degenerative diseases

Retinal degenerative disease is one of the leading causes of irreversible visual impairment and blindness, and there is no effective treatment for it. Recently, cell therapy has attracted widespread attention in regenerative medicine for retinal degenerative diseases due to its ability to replace damaged or dysfunctional cells. The replacement therapy of transplanted cells from different sources has shown certain safety and effectiveness in basic research and clinical trials, but there are still some deficiencies, such as ethics, immune rejection, and tumorigenicity. Besides, the survival of transplanted cells is susceptible to the microenvironment of the lesion, hindering the clinical application of cell replacement therapy. With the increase of transplanted cells and upgrade of transplantation technology, the outcome of cell replacement therapy for retinal degenerative diseases has been continuously optimized through the application of reprogramming, gene modification, three-dimensional culture, and biological scaffolding. The interdisciplinary cooperation offers an effective solution to some potential problems caused by transplanted cells from different sources, and remarkable progress has been made in cell suspension, cell sheet, and retinal organoid replacement therapy for retinal degenerative diseases.