中国高血压人群中H型高血压的比率和特征及与美国人群的比较

目的：研究中国高血压人群中H型高血压的比率和特征，并与美国的相关人群数据进行比较。方法：在中英文多个数据库(PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台和中国生物医学文献数据库)中检索发表于2022年4月30日前的关于中国人群H型高血压患病率的观察性研究，进行文献筛选、资料提取和质量评价。采用随机效应模型估计H型高血压在高血压患者中的比率以及总体患病率，采用分层分析探索中国H型高血压的分布特点，采用meta回归分析寻找异质性的来源。在美国国家健康与营养调查(National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, NHANES)数据库1999—2006年的人群中，根据数据发布时间将其分为4个阶段，从数据库获取参与者的基本信息，分析H型高血压的患病率。结果：本研究最终纳入33项研究，包括78 470名高血压患者，其中59 842名H型高血压患者。中国H型高血压在高血压人群中的比率为73.1%(95%CI:69.3%～76.9%,I²=99.4%,P...

Rate and characteristics of H-type hypertension in Chinese hypertensive population and comparison with American population

Objective: To study the rate and characteristics of H-type hypertension in Chinese hypertensive population, and to compare them with the relevant data from the United States. Methods: Observational studies on the prevalence of H-type hypertension in Chinese population published before April 30, 2022 were searched in several Chinese and English databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Databases, and Chinese Biome-dical Literature Database). Study selection, date extraction and quality evaluation were conducted. Random effect model was used to estimate the rate of H-type hypertension in hypertensive patients and the pooled prevalence of H-type hypertension. Stratified analysis was used to explore the distribution characteristics of H-type hypertension in China. We made meta-regression to search the source of heterogeneity. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) population from 1999 to 2006 in the United States was divided into four stages according to the time of data collection. Basic information of the participants was acquired from the database and the rate and prevalence of H-type hypertension analyzed. Results: This study was finally comprised of 33 studies, involving 78 470 patients with hypertension, among whom 59 842 patients were with H-type hypertension. The rate of H-type hypertension in hypertensive population in China was 73.1% (95%CI: 69.3%-76.9%, I²=99.4%, P < 0.001), and the prevalence of H-type hypertension in general population was 26.9% (95%CI: 21.1%-32.8%, I²=99.8%, P < 0.001). In the stratified analysis, the rate of H-type hypertension was higher among the elderly over 65 years, males, ethnic minorities, and residents in the inland, western, northern, and rural areas. During the decade from 2011 to 2020, the rate of H-type hypertension in China declined slowly (2011-2013: 79.2% vs. 2014-2016: 70.4% vs. 2017-2020: 66.6%, P < 0.001). Meta-regression showed that area was the source of heterogeneity. The rate of H-type hypertension in the United States increased over time, reaching a high value in 2003-2004 and then declining in 2005-2006. The rate of H-type hypertension in hypertensive patients and the prevalence of H-type hypertension in general population in the United States was lower than that in China. Conclusion: Although the rate of H-type hypertension in Chinese hypertensive patients has a downtrend, it still far exceeds that in the United States, especially in the elderly, males, ethnic minorities, and residents in the inland, western, northern, and rural areas. Understanding the epidemiology of H-type hypertension provides scientific evidence for further prevention of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.