四川省理县居民健康素养水平及影响因素分析

目的 分析四川省理县居民健康素养水平状况,并探讨其影响因素。 方法 采用多阶段整群随机抽样的方法,主要分为四个阶段,阶段一采用单纯随机抽样方法,随机抽取3个乡镇;阶段二在每个抽中的乡镇内,采用单纯随机抽样方法,随机抽取3个行政村(居委会);阶段三在每个抽中的行政村(居委会)内,采用单纯随机抽样方法抽取居民户;阶段四按照“生日法”方法,抽取居民。问卷采用《四川省2018年健康促进县(区)建设项目方案》中人群调查问卷对理县选取15～69岁居民进行调查。采用logistics回归模型分析健康素养影响因素。 结果 理县居民总体健康素养具备率为24.38%。从6类问题健康素养的具备率来看,从高到低依次为科学健康观(40.25%)、基本医疗(37.19%)、健康信息(27.90%)、传染病防治(25.62%)、安全与急救(25.50%)和慢性病防治(22.69%)。经logistics分析,理县居民健康水平的影响因素是:民族(OR_羌族=2.463, 95%CI:1.133~5.352)和文化程度(OR_初中=4.997, 95%CI:1.093~3.884;OR_{大专及以上}=6.138, 95%CI: 1.249~6.747)。 结论 四川省理县居民健康水平已达到《“健康中国2030”规划纲要》要求,但健康素养各维度模块水平存在较大差异。可从年龄、民族、文化程度、本地户籍和是否患慢性病等方面,采取针对性防控措施。

Health literacy and its influencing factors among residents in Li County,Sichuan Province

Objective To analyze the health literacy level of residents in Li County, Sichuan Province, and to explore its influencing factors. Methods A multi-stage cluster random sampling method was used in the study with four stages. A simple random sampling method was employed to randomly select three towns in the first stage. Three administrative villages (neighborhood committees) were randomly selected in each selected town by a random sampling method in the second stage. A random sampling method was applied to selecting resident households in each selected administrative village (neighborhood committee) in the third stage. Residents were selected according to the birthday method in the fourth stage. Residents aged 15-69 years selected in Li County were investigated by the population survey questionnaire from a Project Plan for Construction of Health Promotion County (District) in Sichuan Province in 2018. A logistic regression model was used to analyze the factors influencing health literacy. Results The overall health literacy rate of residents in Li County was 24.38%. As for the health literacy rates of six items, the order from high to low was scientific health concept (40.25%), basic medical treatment (37.19%), health information (27.90%), prevention and treatment of infectious diseases (25.62%), safety and first aid (25.50%), and prevention and treatment of chronic diseases (22.69%). Logistic regression analysis indicated that the factors influencing residents’ health level in Li County were ethnic group (OR_{Qiang ethnic group}=2.463, 95%CI:1.133-5.352) and education level (OR_{junior middle school}=4.997, 95%CI:1.093-3.884; OR_{junior college or above}=6.138, 95%CI:1.249-6.747). Conclusion The health level of residents in Li County, Sichuan Province has reached the requirements of “Healthy China 2030” Planning Outline, but the level of each dimension module of health literacy is quite different. Targeted prevention and control measures should be taken from age, ethnic group, education level, registered residence and having or having no chronic diseases.