湖南省消除疟疾历程及策略评价

目的 分析湖南省疟疾流行规律与防治历程,总结评估消除疟疾策略及措施。 方法 对湖南省历年疟疾防治疫情数据报表、文件、工作计划、防治策略与措施等资料进行描述性分析和总结,根据国家相关文件的要求,从保障措施、技术措施、防控效果3个方面对消除疟疾工作进行评估。 结果 湖南省曾发生过3次疟疾大流行,1954—1956年、1962—1965年和1971—1973年,发病率分别为87.45/万～156.04/万、39/万～ 58.98/万和44.46/万～69.51/万,通过及时调整防治策略和措施,大多数地区疟疾流行得到了有效控制。在启动消除疟疾行动计划以来,通过不断地落实各项疟疾防治策略和措施,疟疾发病率持续稳定在1/10万以下。2010年湖南省报告最后一例本地感染病例后,已连续多年未报告本地感染病例。至2016年,全省122个县(市、区)和14个市(州)均通过了消除疟疾的县级考核和市级评估,2020年通过国家评估达到消除疟疾的标准。 结论 湖南省经过多年疟疾防治,保持连续11年无本地疟疾病例,达到消除疟疾标准,巩固工作重点是加强输入性病例监测,降低本地再传播风险。

Evaluation on malaria elimination process and strategy in Hunan Province

Objective To analyze the epidemic law and prevention process of malaria in Hunan Province, and to summarize and evaluate strategies and measures for malaria eradication. Methods The data reports, documents, work plans, strategies and measures of malaria prevention and control in Hunan Province over the past years were analyzed and summarized. According to the requirements of relevant national documents, the malaria elimination work was evaluated from three aspects, safeguard measures, technical measures and prevention and control effects. Results There were three malaria epidemics in Hunan Province, occurring in 1954-1956, 1,962-1,965 and 1,971-1,973. The incidence rates were 87.45/10,000-156.04/10,000, 39.0/10,000-58.98/10,000 and 44.46/10,000-69.51/10,000, respectively. Through timely adjustment of prevention and control strategies and measures, malaria epidemics in most areas had been effectively controlled. Since launching the Malaria Elimination Action Planin Hunan Province, the incidence rates of malaria had remained stable at less than 1/100,000 through the continuous implementation of various malaria prevention strategies and measures. After the last local infection case was reported in Hunan Province in 2010, no local infection cases had been reported for many years. By 2016, 122 counties (cities, districts) and 14 cities (prefectures) had passed the county-level and city-level assessments of malaria elimination, and they had reached the standard of malaria elimination through the national assessment by 2020. Conclusion After years of malaria prevention and control in Hunan Province, no local malaria cases have been reported for 11 consecutive years, and the standard for malaria elimination has been met. Consolidation efforts should focus on strengthening surveillance on imported cases so as to reduce the risk of local retransmission.